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MS3 > Peds 13 > Flashcards

Peds 13 Flashcards

1
Q

Treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding

A

Iron supplements + OCP (3-6 months then mat attempt to be weaned)

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2
Q

What types (#) of HPV are associated with cancer?

A

16 and 18

6 and 11 are associated with warts

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3
Q

Diagnostic criteria of Kawasaki

A

♣ Fever lasting > 5 days with at least 4 out of five of the following:
• Bilateral bulbar conjunctival injection
• Oral mucous membrane changes, including injected or fissured lips, injected pharynx, or strawberry tongue
• Peripheral extremity changes, including erythema or palms or soles, edema of hands or feet, and periungual desquamation
• Polymorphous rash
• Cervical lymphadenopathy

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4
Q

Describe Niacin deficiency

A

Vitamin B3 deficiency = pellagra = diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia

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5
Q

Describe pathophysiology of breast milk failure jaundice

A

Decreased intake causes decreased stooling and therefore decreased bilirubin elimination and increased intrahepatic circulation

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6
Q

Tx of battery in the esophagus

A

Immediate endoscopic removal

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7
Q

Tx of ingested battery distal to the esophagus

A

Observation - 90% of these are excreted uneventfully

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8
Q

Most common complication of mumps

A

Aseptic meningitis

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9
Q

What is the problem in Osgood-Schlatter

A

Traction apophysitis of the tibial tubercle where the patellar tendon inserts

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10
Q

Describe splenic sequestration crisis

A

♣ Will have increased reticulocytes
♣ Splenic vaso-occlusion leads to rapidly enlarging spleen due to pooling or red blood cells
♣ Occurs in children prior to autosplenectomy

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11
Q

Common complication of JIA

A

chronic uveitis

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12
Q

Tx for scabies in kids

A

Permethrin cream (Elimite)

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13
Q

Tx of orbital cellulitis

A

IV abx

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14
Q

Tx of periorbital cellulitis

A

oral abx

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15
Q

What is a cholesteatoma

A

It is a small epithelium-lined sac containing debris in the ear

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16
Q

Describe Kallman syndrome

A

o Defective migration of GnRH-releasing neuron

o Leads to hypogonadism and anosmia (lack of smell)

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17
Q

Describe cause of respiratory distress in infants of diabetic mother

A

Polycythemia leads to viscous blood which impairs blood flow to various organs

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18
Q

What are infectious contraindications to breast feeding?

A

Active pulmonary TB, HIV, malaria, typhoid fever, septicemia

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19
Q

Is mastitis a contraindication for breast feeding?

A

No - frequent feeding may help by preventing engorgement

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20
Q

What is the first diagnostic test that should be done in a newborn with bloody meconium

A

Apt-Downey test which can differentiate fetal from adult hemoglobin

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21
Q

Tx of necrotizing enterocolitis

A

If no evidence of perforation - bowel rest with nasogastric decompression and systemic abx

If evidence of perforation - surgical exploratory laparotomy

22
Q

Describe laryngomalacia and it’s presentation

A
  • Due to collapse of supraglottic structures during inspiration
  • Inspiratory stridor most prominent in infants
  • Stridor worse when supine, improves when prone
23
Q

Describe vascular ring and its presentation

A
  • Results from abnormal development of aortic arch, such that arch encircles and compresses the trachea, bronchus, and/or esophagus
  • Presents in infants
  • Biphasic stridor that improves with neck extension
  • May also present with esophageal (e.g. dysphagia, vomiting, difficulty feeding) symptoms
24
Q

Next step in acute asthma exacerbation after BiPAP

A

Intubation (not epi)

25
Q

What should you do if pt is bitten by a bat

A

Postexposure prophylaxis - rabies immunoglobulun + rabies vaccine

26
Q

Describe post-exposure managment of pertussis

A

Macrolide abx prophylaxis is recommended for all close contacts despite vaccination status (Azithromycin or Erythromycin)

27
Q

Next step if peripheral IV fails in infant requiring emergency fluid rescuscitation

A

Interosseous cannulation

28
Q

What is the cause of “pink stains” or “brick dust” in neonatal diaper

A

Uric acid crystals - normal

29
Q

Tx of iron poisoning

A

Deferoxamine (binds ferric iron, allowing urinary excretion)

30
Q

Sx of DiGeorge

A

♣ C – Cleft palate
♣ A – Abnormal facies
♣ T – Thymic aplasia (T-cell deficiency – poor development of lymph node paracortex)
♣ C – Cardiac defects (tetralogy of Fallot, truncus arteriosus)
♣ H – Hypocalcemia (due parathyroid aplasia)

31
Q

What clinical features help to distinguish Preseptal from orbital (post-septal) cellutits

A

o Orbital cellulitis
♣ Occurs posterior to orbital septum
♣ Clinical features
• Symptoms of preseptal cellulitis (eyelid swelling, chemosis) PLUS
• Pain with EOM, proptosis, and/or ophthalmalgia with diplopia

32
Q

Tx of preseptal vs. orbital cellulitis

A

Preseptal = oral abx

Orbital = IV abx +’/- surgery

33
Q

Describe nursemaids elbow

A

♣ Annular ligament is torn at the attachment site to the radius bone when sudden traction is placed on the child’s arm
♣ The radial head slips through the tear, and when the pulling motion has ceased, the radial head recoils with a small portion of the annular ligament trapped between the radius and humerus

34
Q

Diagnosis of nursemaids elbow

A

♣ Clinical diagnosis – X-ray not necessary

35
Q

Tx of nursemaids elbow

A

♣ Supinate the forearm with the elbow in in flexed position while applying pressure over the radial head – a click may be felt when the annular ligament is freed from the joint

or hyperpronation of forearm

36
Q

Common empiric tx of meningitis

A

Ceftriaxone + Vancomycin

37
Q

What disease presents with herald patch followed by “christmas tree” rash

A

Pityriasis rosea

38
Q

Tx of pityriasis rosea

A

♣ Reassurance (spontaneous resolution)

♣ Treatment of pruritis (e.g. antihistamines)

39
Q

Desribe McCune Albright syndrome

A

o Precocious puberty
o Café-au-lait spots
o Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia (leads to recurrent bone fractures)

40
Q

Describe problem in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)

A

♣ Defect in early stem cell differentiation
• Leads to failure of T-cell development
• B-cell dysfunction due to absent T cells

41
Q

Presentation of SCID

A
  • Failure to thrive
  • Chronic diarrhea
  • Recurrent infections
  • Absence of thymic shadow and lymphoid tissue
42
Q

Tx of SCID

A

• Stem cell transplant

43
Q

Describe difference between CVID and Brutons

A

Bruton = defect in B-cell maturation (will have decreased B-cell and immunoglobulin levels)

CVID = less severe; defect in B-cell differentiation (will have normal B-cell and decreased immunoglobulins)

44
Q

Tx of scabies

A

Topical Permethrin or Oral Ivermectin

45
Q

At what age should pts transfer objects hand to hand

A

6 months

46
Q

At what age should pts have 2 finger pincer grasp

A

12 months

47
Q

Describe Chediak Higashi syndrome

A

♣ Defect in protein trafficking
♣ Presentation:
• Recurrent infections – impaired phagolysosome formation
• Giant granules in leukocytes – granules have no cytoskeleton to follow to distribute
• Partial albinism – melanocytes cannot pass pigment to keratinocytes
• Peripheral neuropathy

48
Q

Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children

A

Minimal change disease

49
Q

Tx of minimal change disease

A

Steroids

50
Q

Features specific to congenital syphilis

A

Rhinorrhea (snuffles), desquamating or bullous rash, abnormal long-bone radiographs

51
Q

Tx of SCFE

A

surgical pinning of femoral head

52
Q

Which HPV strains cause common warts, genital warts, and cancer

A

1-4 = common
6 and 11 = genital
16 and 18 = cancer

MS3 (88 decks)

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