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Nutrition and Diet Therapy > Proteins (PPT) > Flashcards

Proteins (PPT) Flashcards

1
Q

Organic compounds formed from chains of amino acids

A

Proteins

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2
Q

Proteins are essential for almost every bodily function, beginning with the _______________________________________________________________________

A

genetic control of protein synthesis, cell function, and cell reproduction

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3
Q

Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

A

Amino Acids

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4
Q

Amino Acids are organic compounds made of

A

carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

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5
Q

the distinguishable factor of protein from other nutrients

A

nitrogen

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6
Q

Non-essential amino acids

A

glycine
alanine
serine
asparagine
cysteine
aspartic acid
glutamic acid
glutamine
tyrosine
proline

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7
Q

Essential amino acids

A

threonine
leucine
arginine
histidine
methionine
isoleucine
phenylalanine
valine
lysine
tryptophan

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8
Q

PROTEIN ACCORDING TO FOOD SOURCE

A

Complete protein
Incomplete protein

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9
Q

Contains sufficient amounts of all essential amino acids.

A

Complete protein

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10
Q

are examples of foods that contain complete proteins

A

Beef, fish, poultry, eggs, and milk

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11
Q

High-biological-valueproteins

A

Complete protein

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12
Q

lack one or more of the essential amino acids

A

Incomplete protein

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13
Q

Incomplete protein lack one or more of the essential amino acids usually _________________________________________

A

lysine, methionine, and tryptophan.

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14
Q

By properly mixing complementary proteins in the diet, such as ___________________________, one can produce a complete protein.

A

corn and beans

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15
Q
A
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16
Q

Determined by the number, assortment, and sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains

A

Primary

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17
Q

sequence of a chain of amino acids

A

Primary

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18
Q

Affects the shape of the chain of amino acids

A

Secondary

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19
Q

May be straight, folded or coiled

A

Secondary

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20
Q

hydrogen bonding of the peptide backbone causes the amino acids to folding into a repeating pattern

A

Secondary

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21
Q

The polypeptide chain is so coiled that loops of the coil touch, forming a strong bond within the chain

A

Tertiary

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22
Q

three-dimensional folding pattern of a protein due to side chain interactions

A

Tertiary

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23
Q

Proteins containing more than one polypeptide chain

A

Quaternary

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24
Q

protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain

A

Quaternary

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25
Q

If the structure of a protein changes, the protein may not be able to perform its original function.

The shape may be changed by _______________________________________________________________

A

heat, UV light, acids, alcohol, and mechanical action.

26
Q

If the structure of a protein changes, the protein may not be able to perform its original function.

A

Denaturation

27
Q

Mechanical digestion of proteins occur in the

A

mouth

28
Q

breaks proteincontaining food into smaller pieces

A

Mastication

29
Q

secreted by stomach mucosa. Becomes activated when it mixes with HCl =

A

Pepsinogen

30
Q

Pepsinogen is secreted by stomach mucosa. Becomes activated when it mixes with HCl =

A

Pepsin

31
Q

breaks the bonds linking the amino acids of the protein peptide bond

A

Protein hydrolysis

32
Q

Primary pancreatic enzyme

A

Trypsin

33
Q

Other pancreatic enzymes:

A

Chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase

34
Q

Intestinal enzymes

A

Aminopeptidase and dipeptidase

35
Q

Most protein functions are a result of ______________________ in cells.

A

protein anabolism

36
Q

_______________ plays an important role in regulation of protein metabolism

A

Hormone

37
Q

During digestion, proteins are broken down into ___________________

A

amino acids

38
Q

Unlike carbohydrates and triglycerides, which are stored, proteins are _______ warehoused for future use.

A

not

39
Q

Excess dietary amino acids are not excreted in the urine or feces but instead are converted into___________________________ or _______________________.

A

glucose (gluconeogenesis); triglycerides (lipogenesis)

40
Q

Is the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids to produce new proteins.

A

Protein Anabolism

41
Q

Is carried out on the ribosomes of almost every cell in the body, directed by the cells’ DNA and RNA

A

Protein Anabolism

42
Q

The hepatocytes begin the process of catabolism through

A

DEAMINATION

43
Q

Amino acid =

A

Ammonia + keto acid

44
Q

Ammonia + keto acid =

A

Amino acid

45
Q

The __________ then convert the highly toxic ammonia to _________, a relatively harmless substance that is excreted in the urine.

A

liver cells; urea

46
Q

breaks down big complex molecules into smaller, easier to absorb molecules.

A

Catabolism

47
Q

The process of catabolism ____________ energy.

A

releases

48
Q

Hormones involved in the processes (catabolism) are

A

adrenaline, cytokine, glucagon, and cortisol

49
Q

builds molecules required for the body’s functionality.

A

Anabolism

50
Q

Anabolic processes ___________ energy.

A

require

51
Q

Hormones involved in the process (anabolism) are

A

estrogen, testosterone, growth hormones and insulin.

52
Q

potential energy is changed into kinetic energy.

A

catabolism

53
Q

kinetic energy is converted into potential energy

A

anabolism

54
Q

It is required to perform different activities in living entities.

A

catabolism

55
Q

It is required for maintenance, growth, and storage.

A

anabolism

56
Q

Imbalance of nutrient intake

A

Malnutrition

57
Q

Malnutrition caused by lack of protein or energy or both

A

PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION

58
Q

results from severe calorie deficiency, leads to wasting and significant fat and muscle loss

A

Marasmus

59
Q

a severe protein deficiency, causes fluid retention and a protruding abdomen

A

Kwashiorkor

60
Q

Functions of Proteins

A

Growth and Maintenance
Creation of Communicators and Catalysts
Immune System Response
Fluid and Electrolyte Regulation
Acid Base Balance

Nutrition and Diet Therapy (11 decks)

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