Fat Soluble Vitamins Flashcards
Visual adaptation to light and darkness
Vitamin A
Healthy skin and mucous membranes
Vitamin A
Regulate cell differentiation associated with reproduction and the immune response
Vitamin A
Vitamin A sources
- Animal sources (fish, liver oils, butter, eggs, fortified milk products)
- Fruits and vegetables (dark green and deep orange)
Vitamin A RDA FOR MALE:
900 ug RAE/day
Vitamin A RDA FOR FEMALE:
700 ug RAE/day
Vitamin A Deficiency
NIGHT BLINDESS
XEROPHTHALMIA
KERATOMALACIA
KERATINIZATION
Lack of vitamin A at the back of the eye in the retina
NIGHT BLINDESS
Lack of Vitamin A at the front of the eye that affects the cornea and can lead to total blindness
XEROPHTHALMIA
major cause of childhood blindness in the world
NIGHT BLINDESS
Softening of the cornea occurs, leading to blindness that is irrevirsible
KERATOMALACIA
Changes in cell structures throughout the body that result in hard, inflexible skin due to secretion of protein keratin
KERATINIZATION
Excess Vitamin A
- YELLOWING OF SKIN
- TERATOGENIC EFFECTS
Symptoms of excess Vitamin A
- HEADACHE
- VOMITING
- WEIGHT LOSS TO BIRTH DEFECTS
- BONE ABNORMALITIES
exist in the body and are used to synthesize this vitamin, unlike other vitamins
Vitamin D metabolites
Regulation of calcium and phosphorus in the body
Vitamin D
Regulation by the ____________ and _______________ helps maintain vitamin D balance
kidney; parathyroid glands
_____________________ enables Vitamin D synthesis in the skin
Sunlight activation
Vitamin D also works with other vitamins (___________) hormones and minerals to affect bone growth
A,C,K
Vitamin D sources
- fish, liver and oils
- Fortification of dairy products
Vitamin D recommendations
5ug/day
Vitamin D Deficiency
Rickets
Osteomalacia
Development of Osteoporosis
Associated deficiencies
Clinical deficiency state affecting children that results in structural deformities (bowed legs and pigeon breast) due to poor bone mineralization and growth retardation
Rickets
Clinical deficiency state affecting adults that result in bone weakness, fragility and increased bone fractures
Osteomalacia
can lead to development of osteoporosis in conjunction with calcium losses
Vitamin D deficiency
Associated Deficiencies with Vitamin D
- Intestinal, liver or PTH hormone disorders,
- chronic pancreatitis
- renal disorders
is the clinical excess state that is associated with calcium deposits, growth retardation and kidney damage
Hypervitaminosis D
ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES
Vitamin E
PROTECTS ALL CELL MEMBRANES
Vitamin E
SYNERGISTIC EFFECT
Vitamin E
EFFECT ON OXYGEN AND BLOOD EXCHANGE
Vitamin E
VITAMIN E RDA FOR MALES/FEMALES
15MG/DAY
Vitamin E Deficiency
- ERYTHROCYTE HEMOLYSIS
- IMMUNOSUPPRESSED OR WITH FAT MALABSORPTION E.G. CYSTIC FIBROSIS
- FERTILITY AND STERILITY ISSUES
- NEUROLOGICAL AND MUSCULAR SYMPTOMS
Excess Vitamin E
- IMPAIRMENT OF ABSORPTION OF OTHER FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS
- HIGH DOSES MAY POTENTIATE ANTICOAGULANT EFFECTS OF SODIUM WARFARIN
BELONG TO A FAMILY CALLED QUINONES
Vitamin K
CLOTTING CASCADE – PRODUCTION OF PROTHROMBIN – THROMBIN
FIBRINOGEN - FIBRIN
Vitamin K
AFFECTS CLOTTING FACTORS (II, VII, IX AND X) IN THE LIVER AND IS MEASURED BY PT
Vitamin K
______________ IN THE INTESTINES SYNTHESIZE VITAMIN K; REQUIRES ____________ TO EFFECTIVELY FUNCTION IN THE BODY
BACTERIA; BILE ACIDS
ANTAGONIST TO THE ACTION OF WARFARIN
Vitamin K
Sources of Vitamin K
- DARK GREEN LEAFY VEGETABLES
- CABBAGE, MILK
- BACTERIAL SYNTHESIS IN THE INTESTINES
Vitamin K AI ADULT MALES
120 UG/DAY
Vitamin K AI ADULT FEMALES
90 UG/DAY
Vitamin K Deficiency
- HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN
- LIVER DISEASE AND FAT MALABSORPTION
- CLIENTS WITH LONG TERM BROAD SPECTRUM ANTIBIOTICS ARE AT RISK FOR DEFICIENCY
Vitamin K Excess
- ANEMIA IN NEWBORN (ALONG WITH JAUNDICE)
- BLOOD CLOTTING AND RELEASE OF BILIRBIN INTO THE CIRCULATION CAN LEAD TO TOXIC LEVELS AND POSSIBLE
BRAIN DAMAGE
