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Micronutrients Flashcards

1
Q

Small molecule groups that are needed by the body to maintain normal physiologic functioning

A

MICRONUTRIENTS

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2
Q

MINERALS

A
  • MAJOR
  • MINOR (TRACE)
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3
Q

VITAMINS

A
  • WATER SOLUBLE
  • FAT-SOLUBLE
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4
Q

Concept Properties of Micronutrients

A

BIOAVAILABILITY
PRECURSORS
ORGANIC/INORGANIC NATURE
SOLUBILITY
TOXICITY
OVERLOAD SYNDROME
GENETIC ERRORS IN METABOLISM

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5
Q

Refers to the amount of a nutrient that the body can use that is of good quality

A

BIOAVAILABILITY

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6
Q

Factors that influence bioavailability

Increased bioavailability

A

❖Efficiency of digestion
❖Adequate nutrition status
❖Quality of nutrient absorbed

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7
Q

Factors that influence bioavailability
Decreased bioavailability

A

❖Source of nutrient
❖Method of food preparation
❖Foods that interfere with absorption (binders) are taken at the same time

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8
Q

Refer to the “inactive forms” or starting points from which other substances develop

A

PRECURSORS

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9
Q

Are descriptions about whether micronutrients can be altered or destroyed during the handling or preparation process as a result of their chemical composition

A

ORGANIC AND INORGANIC NATURE

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10
Q

Refers to the degree to which a substance can dissolve in a water or fat medium

A

SOLUBILITY

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11
Q

Refers to an excess of a substance that can cause harm or damage due to accumulation in the body

A

TOXICITY

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12
Q

Refers to minerals that can either be taken in or produced by the body leading to toxic levels of sodium, potassium, calcium and iron

A

OVERLOAD SYNDROME

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13
Q

Processes whereby there is insufficient production, absorption, or excretion of substances resulting in clinical deficiency states (too little) or excess states (too much)

A

GENETIC ERRORS IN METABOLISM

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14
Q

WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS

A

*Vitamin B
*Vitamin C

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15
Q

Function as coenzymes throughout the body in a series of chemical reactions and binding sites

A

Vitamin B

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16
Q

Involved in metabolism of all macronutrients

A

Vitamin B

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17
Q

Vitamin B1

A

Thiamin

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18
Q

Coenzyme in CHO metabolism

A

Vitamin B1 - Thiamin

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19
Q

Dietary sources of Vitamin B1 - Thiamin

A
  • Pork, wheat germ,, black eyed peas
  • Fortified cereals and enriched grains
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20
Q

Vitamin B1 - Thiamin
Deficiency

A
  • Beriberi
  • Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
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21
Q

Excess Vitamin B1 - Thiamin

A
  • Headache, irritability, insomnia
  • Tachycardia and weakness
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22
Q

Neurological deficits (disorientation, short-term memory loss, jerky eye movements, staggered gait and weakness) that can lead to cardiac failure

A

Beriberi

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23
Q

Clinical state of encephalopathy seen in clients with alcoholism, noted by the presence of mental changes, psychosis and coma

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

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24
Q

Vitamin B2

A

Riboflavin

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25
Q

Coenzyme in protein and energy metabolism and conversion of other vitamins into active forms (B6, niacin, folate and K)

A

Vitamin B2 - Riboflavin

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26
Q

Vitamin B2 - Riboflavin
Deficiency

A
  • Ariboflavinosis
  • Oral lesions
  • Eye problems
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27
Q

Vitamin B2 - Riboflavin
Excess

A

Yellow-orange discoloration of urine

28
Q

Refers to a clinical deficiency state that affects the skin, eyes, mouth, and tongue and results in the development of a normocytic anemia

A

Ariboflavinosis

29
Q

Oral lesions such as ____________ (cracks at the corners of the mouth) and eye problems (photophobia, tearing, and burning)

30
Q

Vitamin B3

31
Q

Functions as part of respiratory enzymes and is involved in energy expenditure

32
Q

Precursor to niacin is

A

tryptophan

33
Q

Cholesterol lowering properties and causes peripheral vasodilation

34
Q

Vitamin B3 - Niacin
Deficiency

A
  • Pellagra
  • Drug interactions
  • Carcinoid syndrome
  • Hartnup disease
35
Q

Pellagra
* Clinical deficiency state characterized by the three Ds:

A

dermatitis, diarrhea, and
dementia

36
Q

can exist when serum blood tryptophan levels are low due to increased serotonin synthesis from tumors

A

Carcinoid syndrome

37
Q

Rare genetic disorder that is characterized by decreased absorption of tryptophan with similar symptoms to those of pellagra

A

Hartnup disease

38
Q

Coenzyme in metabolism that functions in the tricarboxylic cycle for release of energy

39
Q

Involved in gluconeogenesis

40
Q

Biotin
* Deficiency

A
  • Large number of eggwhites in the diet
  • Px with Phenylketonuria
  • Long term TPN
  • Protein energy malnutrition
  • Biotindase deficiency
41
Q

Biotin
Excess

A
  • No toxic effects reported
  • No UL has been indicated
42
Q

Leads to functional biotin deficiency because high phenylalanine levels inhibit enzyme activity

A

Phenylketonuria

43
Q

Genetic disorder that leads to clinical deficiency state resulting in delayed development, seizures, and rashes, fatal without biotin correction

A

Biotindase deficiency

44
Q

Vitamin B5

A

Panthothenic acid

45
Q

Coenzyme in metabolism that functions in the tricarboxylic cycle for release of energy

A

Vitamin B5 - Panthothenic acid

46
Q

Vitamin B5
*Deficiency

A
  • Fatigue, paresthesias, weakness, and leg cramps
  • Neurological manifestations (restlessness and irritability)
  • Burning feet syndrome
47
Q

Vitamin B5
Excess

A
  • Diarrhea can occur with excess levels of this vitamin
  • Fluid retention can occur with excess levels of this vitamin
48
Q

Vitamin B6

A

Pyridoxine

49
Q

Coenzyme in amino acid, lipid and protein metabolism (gluconeogenesis), erythrocyte function, modulation of hormones

A

Vitamin B6 - Pyridoxine

50
Q

Made by intestinal bacteria in the body

A

Vitamin B6 - Pyridoxine

51
Q

Used in the synthesis of DNA and helps convert Vit.B12 to a coenzyme form in the body

A

Folic Acid

52
Q

Growth and development of RBCs

A

Folic Acid

53
Q

Increased need is seen during pre pregnancy and antenatal periods for its effect on preventing neural tube defects and allowing normal spinal cord development

A

Folic Acid

54
Q

Associated with folic acid deficiency in pregnant women and result in spinal deformities of the fetus

A

Neural tube defects

55
Q

Large immature cells with a decreased oxygen-carrying capacity

A

Megaloblastic anemia

56
Q

This can occur due to impaired DNA synthesis

A

Megaloblastic anemia

57
Q

is used as a biochemical marker for correlation of presence of neural tube defects and certain cancers in the body

A

AFP (Alpha feto protein)

58
Q

Vitamin B12

A

cobalamin/cyanocobalamin

59
Q

Coenzyme in the synthesis of hemoglobin, RBCs and DNA

A

Vitamin B12 - cobalamin/cyanocobalamin

60
Q

Vitamin C

A

Ascorbic acid

61
Q

Antioxidant function

A

Vitamin C - Ascorbic acid

62
Q

Synthesis of neurotransmitters, hormones, and bile acids, metabolism of amino acids and breakdown of fatty acids

A

Vitamin C - Ascorbic acid

63
Q

Enhances folic acid conversion and iron absorption

A

Vitamin C - Ascorbic acid

64
Q

Structural component involved in collagen formation in the body

A

Vitamin C - Ascorbic acid

Nutrition and Diet Therapy (16 decks)

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