NUTRIONAL ASSESSMENT Flashcards
Process of determining nutritional status
NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT
The assessment may reveal nutrient deficiencies or excesses
NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT
NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT can either be
primary nutrient deficiency or secondary nutrient deficiency
A comprehensive nutritional assessment involves a
detailed dietary history, physical examination with
focused anthropometry, and evaluation of laboratory values and psychosocial data
Nutritional Health History
Biographical Data
Current Health Status
Past Health History
Family History
Biographical Data
Age
Gender
Religion and Cultural background
Financial status
Past Health History
Major illness, surgery or trauma
Chronic conditions
Dental/oral problems
Family History
Genetic and hereditary conditions
Food intolerance or allergies
Family history of cardiovascular disease, atherosclerotic disease or obesity
provides a focused screening for past and present problems related to or affecting each of the physical systems. It may also identify problems or symptoms that indicate a nutritional risk.
review of systems (ROS)
General Health Survey
■ Have you had unexplained weight loss, fatigue, activity
intolerance, or inability to concentrate?
May indicate metabolic problems (e.g., DM, hyperthyroidism, or malignancy), iron deficiency anemia, or dehydration
Integumentary
Have you noticed changes in skin texture, skin discolorations, poor wound healing, or bruising?
May signal vitamin and mineral deficiencies, protein malnutrition, or metabolic disorders.
Cardiovascular
Do you have chest pain or pressure?
Cardiac disease: May be caused by high cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, or high-calorie diet.
Eyes
Do you have poor night vision or eye dryness?
May indicate vitamin A deficiency or dehydration
Nose, Mouth, and Throat
Do you have nosebleeds or bleeding gums?
Cavities or lost teeth?
Possible vitamin, mineral, or protein deficiencies
Musculoskeletal
Do you have muscle weakness?
May be caused by potassium deficiency or dehydration.
Women
- Have you had frequent miscarriages or irregular menses? - How much caffeine do you consume a day?
- What is your diet like?
Maternal malnutrition can lead to fetal growth restriction.
Consumption of 300 mg of caffeine/d increases risk for spontaneous abortion.
Eating disorders can result in irregular menses.
Men
Do you suffer from impotence?
Alcohol intake increases risk for impotence.
Lymphatic
Do you have frequent infections?
Allergies?
- Frequent infections: Protein malnutrition.
- Allergies: Food sensitivity (e.g., lactose).
Dietary intake recording tool in which every food and beverage consumed in the last 24 hours is recalled either verbally or in writing
24-Hour Recall
Most accurate if the client starts with recent meal and works backwards
24-Hour Recall
valuable screening and assessment tool only if it represents the person’s typical daily intake
24-Hour Recall
Similar to dietary intake record, but includes emotions and reasons for eating.
Food Diary
quantitative listing of all food and fluid consumed within a designated time frame— usually 3 to 5 days.
Food Intake Records
The record is then analyzed for nutrient content.
Food Intake Records
Anthropometry literally means
human measurement
It includes measuring overall body mass (particularly growth, fat reserves, and somatic protein stores) and evaluation of related laboratory values.
Anthropometric Measurements
Is an accurate indicator of fat in adults
BODY MASS INDEX
The most commonly used BMI is ________________________, which is obtained by dividing weight in kilograms by height in meters squared.
Quetelet’s Index
Estimates body fat using a double fold of skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue from the patient’s dominant arm
Triceps skin fatfold (TSF)
In, TSF measurements can be taken of the
triceps, subscapular, biceps, and supra iliac skinfolds
is mathematically derived using TSF and MAC values.
Midarm muscle circumference (MAMC)
As an indirect measurement of muscle mass, it provides an index of protein stores
Midarm muscle circumference (MAMC)
estimates obesity by evaluating the amount of abdominal fat. People with a greater proportion of upper body fat are at greater risk for HTN, DM, elevated triglycerides, and other atherosclerotic risk factors.
waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)
