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Nutrition and Diet Therapy > Infancy and Childhood > Flashcards

Infancy and Childhood Flashcards

1
Q

age of newborns

A

0-2 months

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2
Q

Up to 2 months of age requires ___________ calories per kilogram of body weight every 24 hours to provide an adequate amount of food for maintenance and growth.

A

110-120

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3
Q

Necessary for the formation of new cells.

A

Protein

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4
Q

Protein contains __________ which is necessary for growth, repair of damaged tissues, and making blood cells. .

A

histidine

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5
Q

It helps protect nerve cells.

A

histidine

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6
Q

It is used by the body to make histamine.

A

histidine

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7
Q

Histadine supplements may help treat

A

eczema

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8
Q

is necessary for growth and skin integrity. It is found in both human and commercial formulas.

A

Linoleic acid

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9
Q

Lactose found in human milk improves _______________ and aids in _______________.

A

calcium absorption; nitrogen retention

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10
Q

present in breast milk is used by the beneficial bacteria present in the infants’ digestive system. It plays an important role in pediatric nutrition and development.

A

NITROGEN

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11
Q

allows protein to be used for building new cells. It encourages normal water balance and prevent abnormal metabolism of fat

A

Lactose

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12
Q

A newborn needs ___________________ water intake every 24 hours.

A

150 to 200 mL/kg

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13
Q

Plays a vital role in bone growth.

A

Calcium

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14
Q

Prevents the occurrence of tetany.

A

Calcium

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15
Q

is a calcium deficiency results to hypersensitivity, twitching, or a convulsion.

A

Tetany

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16
Q

Tetany is a calcium deficiency results to hypersensitivity, twitching, or a convulsion. Diagnosis is made when the serum calcium is below ____. per 100 cc.

A

8 mg

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17
Q

It is necessary to make hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in red blood cells to all parts of the body.

A

Iron

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18
Q

Term infant with mothers who had good iron intake during pregnancy will be born with iron stores that can last for ______________

A

3 months.

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19
Q

Essential for building teeth and preventing tooth decay

A

Fluoride

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20
Q

Fluoride of ___________ supplement to be taken daily beginning __months of age.

A

0.25mg; 6

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21
Q

Changes in composition to meet the specific needs of infants as they grow.

A

Breastmilk

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22
Q

is the first milk produced after birth.

A

Colostrum

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23
Q

True or False
Breastmilk changes color when the mother is sick.

A

True

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24
Q

True or False
Breastmilk does not change its components when baby is sick

A

False

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25
Q

True or False
Breastmilk does not change during the day and night.

A

False

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26
Q

The milk you express at the beginning of a session has a thinner consistency, relatively high volume, and low fat. This is known as

A

foremilk

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27
Q

By the end of a breastfeeding session, the high-fat milk is thicker, richer, and creamier, called the ____________.

A

hindmilk

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28
Q

is a good source of essential fatty acids for infant.

A

Hindmilk

29
Q

BREASTFEEDING

A

Best for babies
Readily available
Environmentally friendly
Antibodies
Safe
Temperature perfect
Financial saving
Easily digestible
Earlier passage of meconium
Deaths reduced
Immunity
Nutrient-rich
Growth

30
Q

age of infants

A

2 months – 1 year

31
Q

Breastmilk is the best food for infants up to ____________ months and is exclusive for ___________

A

12 to 24; 6 months.

32
Q

The entire first year of life is one of extreme rapid growth, so a __________________ intake is needed.

A

high protein, high calorie

33
Q

For infants, calorie allowances can be reduced during the year from a level of 120/kg of body weight at birth to approximately ________/kg of body weight at the end of the first year to prevent overweight.

A

100

34
Q

Only recommended when breastfeeding is contraindicated

A

Bottle Feeding

35
Q

Bottle Feeding is associated with i

A

nfantile obesity or protein calorie malnutrition

36
Q

Combination of breast and bottle feeding

A

Mixed Feeding

37
Q

when bottle is given to complete a single breastfeeding because of insufficiency of mother’s milk

A

Complemented Mixed Feeding

38
Q

when bottle is used to replace one or more breastfeeding sessions.

A

Supplemental Mixed Feeding

39
Q

Baby weighing 2.5 to 2.7 kg usually feeds every

A

3 hours

40
Q

Baby weighing 3.6 to 4 kg usually feeds every

A

4 hours

41
Q

Extrusion reflex is present at ________________.

A

4 to 6 months

42
Q

It is when your baby pushes solid food out of their mouth using their tongue.

A

Extrusion reflex

43
Q

what month can iron-fortified infant cereal mixed with breastmilk, orange juice or formula be introduced to the infant?

A

5-6 months

44
Q

Vegetables

A

7 months

45
Q

are good sources of vitamin A and adds new texture and flavors.

A

Vegetables

46
Q

Fruits

A

8 months

47
Q

are best sources of vitamin C and A. It also adds new texture and flavor to the diet.

A

Fruits

48
Q

are good source of protein, iron and B vitamins.

A

Meat

49
Q

Meat

A

9 months

50
Q

are good source of iron

A

Egg yolk

51
Q

Egg yolk

A

10 months

52
Q

By 1 year, an infant’s stomach can hold no more approximately __________ (240mL). When they begin eating, infants take more than __ tablespoons at a time.

A

1 cup ; 2

53
Q
  • ____________ are introduced first
  • _______________ are offered second
  • _______ are offered a month after vegetables
A

Cereals; Vegetables; Fruit

54
Q

The sucking reflex begins to diminish between ages _______ months

A

6 to 9

55
Q

Common Disorders of Infants

A

Diarrhea
Vomiting
Allergy
Constipation

56
Q

Indications of Good Nutrition

A

Weight Gain
Length Increases
Normal behavioral Development
Normal bowel movement
Regular sleeping habits
Average tooth formation
Developing motor coordination
Firm and well-formed muscles

57
Q

Toddler age

A

1-3 years old

58
Q

A _____________ appetite becomes smaller than the infants.

A

toddler’s

59
Q

Allowing ____________ is a major way to strengthen independence in a toddler.

A

self feeding

60
Q

Nutritious finger foods that toddlers enjoy include

A

pieces of chicken, slices of banana, pieces of cheese, and crackers.

61
Q

Children ages 1 to 3 years old should consume ______ kcal daily

A

1300

62
Q

Adequate _________________ intake is important for bone mineralization

A

calcium and phosphorus

63
Q

Milk should be whole milk until age __ years

A

2

64
Q

Preschool Age

A

3-5 years old

65
Q

_____________, or learning how to do things, can be strengthened by allowing a child to prepare simple foods such as making a sandwich or spreading a jelly on a toast

A

Initiative

66
Q

PRESCHOOL
Feeding Problems

A

The child is eating too little
The child is eating too much
The child is dawdling during meal time.
The child is gagging especially when fed coarse foods.
The child has aversion towards food.
The child has allergies.

67
Q

PRESCHOOL
Indications of Good Nutrition

A

Normal weight according to standard for age and sex
Erect clinical posture
Straight arms and legs
Abdomen: In
Chest : Out
With no malformations of the skeleton
Teeth are straight without crowding in well – shaped jaw
Skin: smooth, slightly moist with a healthy glow
Clear, bright with no signs of fatigue eyes
Shiny hair
Firm muscles
Light pink color gums
Moist lips
Without lesions tongue

68
Q

Schooler age

A

5 years to 17 years old

69
Q

FEEDING PROBLEMS
school age

A

Child receives inadequate meals
Child has poor appetite
The child has a sweet tooth.

Nutrition and Diet Therapy (16 decks)

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