INTRODUCTION:CONCEPTS OF NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY Flashcards
is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for an organism.
Food
Term that denotes the foundation for life and health based on food requirements of humans for activity, growth, maintenance, reproduction and lactation
Nutrition
Includes the intake, digestion and utilization of nutrients for tissue maintenance and provision of energy
Nutrition
process by which the body metabolizes and utilizes nutrients
Nutrition
a substance ingested by an organism an assimilated by the organism’s cells to provide energy, maintain life, or stimulate growth
Food
is the study of nutrients and the processes by which they are used by the body
Nutrition
Basic function of Nutrition:
maintain life by allowing an individual to grow and be in a state of optimum health
Nutrition and Nursing Care
- Illness Prevention
- Adapting Food Patterns
- Modify Nutritional Factors
the recognition of the role of nutrition in diseases or illness prevention
Nutrition and Nursing Care
the concern for adapting food patterns of individuals to their nutritional needs within the framework of their cultural, economic and psychological situations and styles
Nutrition and Nursing Care
the awareness of the need in specified diseaes states to modify nutritional factors for therapeutic purpose
Nutrition and Nursing Care
Substances that the human body utilizes from foods that are consumed
Nutrients
Nutrients are substances in foods required by the body for:
Maintenance
Repair
Energy
Growth
Nutrients are classified according to:
Function
Chemical Composition
Essentiality
Concentration
Classes of Nutrients Based on Chemical Composition:
Energy Nutrients
Organic Nutrients
Inorganic Nutrients
Releases energy for maintenance of homeostasis
Energy Nutrients
Ex. of Energy Nutrients
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats
Build and maintain body tissues and regulate body processes
Organic Nutrients
Ex. of Organic Nutrients
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats and vitamins
Provide a medium for chemical reactions, transport materials, maintenance of body temperature, promote bone formation and conduct nerve impulse
Inorganic Nutrients
Ex. Inorganic Nutrients
Water, minerals
Classes of Nutrients Based on Essentiality:
Essential and Non-essential Nutrients
Nutrients that the body cannot manufacture but is required for growth and maintenance
Essential Nutrients
Nutrients required for human life
Essential Nutrients
Nutrients which the body can make on its own
Non-Essential Nutrients
Ex. of Essential Nutrients
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Fats, Protein, Some Vitamins and Minerals, Water
Ex. of Non-Essential Nutrients
Biotin, Vitamin K, Vitamin D
6 Categories of Nutrients
- Carbohydrates
- Proteins
- Lipids (Fats)
- Vitamins
- Minerals
- Water
Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are organic compounds composed of
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
Significant role in providing cells with energy and supporting the normal functioning of the body.
Carbohydrates
Major source of fuel
Carbohydrates
Provides the most efficient form of energy in the body
Glucose
maintains the digestive system healthy and keeps our bowel movement soft and regular
Fiber
Organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms; some proteins also contain sulfur.
Proteins
Proteins are organic compounds that contain
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen atoms; some proteins also contain sulfur.
function of proteins
Genetic control of protein synthesis, cell function,
and cell reproduction
The end products of protein digestion
Amino acids
amino acids that can be synthesized (manufactured) by the cells
Nonessential Amino Acids
must be ingested in the diet because they cannot be synthesized in the body
Essential Amino Acids
Organic compounds that are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents such as ether and alcohol
Lipids (Fats)
Composed of the same elements as carbohydrates (carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen) but have a higher hydrogen concentration.
Lipids (Fats)
basic structural units of most lipids and its primary role is for energy storage
Fatty acids
Compounds that indirectly assist other nutrients through the complete processes of digestion, absorption, metabolism and excretion
Vitamins
2 types of Vitamins:
- Water soluble vitamins
- Fat soluble vitamins
Water soluble vitamins
Vitamin B and Vitamin C
Fat soluble vitamins
Vitamin A, D, E, K
Serve structural purposes in the body and are found in body fluids.
Minerals
Affects the nature of fluids which affects muscle function and CNS.
Minerals
Example of Minerals
Calcium, Iron, Zinc
important for healthy bones and teeth
Calcium
helps muscles relax and contract
Calcium
important in nerve functioning, blood clotting, blood pressure regulation, immune system health
Calcium
part of a molecule (hemoglobin) found in red blood cells that carries oxygen in the body
Iron
needed for making protein and genetic material
Zinc
has a function taste perception, production of sperm, normal growth and sexual maturation, immune system health
Zinc
Categories of Mineral
Major Minerals and Trace Minerals
Required in amounts 100mg or higher
Major Minerals
less than or equal to 20mg
Trace Minerals
Major part of every tissue in the body
Water
Fluid in which substances can be broken down and reformed for use by the body
Water
Bridge between knowledge of essential nutrients and food consumption
Dietary Standards
Provides a guide of adequate nutrient intake levels against which to compare the nutrient values of food consumed
Dietary Standards
Dietary standards that are based on:
- reviewing the available scientific data about specific nutrient use
- assessing the function of these nutrients to reduce the risk of diseases
- Evaluating current data on nutrient consumption levels among population
Dietary Reference Intakes
Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes
- Planning meals for a large group
- Interpreting food consumption information
- Developing new food products
Dietary Reference Intakes are Dietary standards that are based on:
- reviewing the available scientific data about specific nutrient use
- assessing the function of these nutrients to reduce the risk of diseases
- Evaluating current data on nutrient consumption levels among population
is the collective term comprising reference value for energy and nutrient levels of intakes.
Philippine Dietary Reference Intakes
Philippine Dietary Reference Intakes
- Estimated Average Requirement
- Recommended Energy/Nutrient Intake
- Adequate Intake
- Tolerable Upper Intake Level
Planning and assessing diets of healthy groups and individuals
Philippine Dietary Reference Intakes
daily nutrient intake level that meets the median or average requirement of healthy individuals in particular life stage and sex group, corrected for incomplete utilization or dietary nutrient bioavailability.
Estimated Average Requirement
the amount of a nutrient needed to meet the basic requirements of he average of the individuals in a specific group
Estimated Average Requirement
basis for the RE/NI
Estimated Average Requirement
level of intake of energy or nutrient which is considered adequate for the maintenance of health and well-being of healthy persons in the population.
Recommended Energy/Nutrient Intake
daily nutrient intake level that is based on observed or experimentally-determined approximation of the average nutrient intake by a group (groups) of apparently healthy people that are assumed to sustain a defined nutritional state.
Adequate Intake
highest average daily nutrient intake level likely to pose no adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population.
Tolerable Upper Intake Level
The unit of measurement for the energy that the body gets from food
calorie
Fuel factor for carbohydrates:
4 kcal/gm
Fuel factor for fat:
9 kcal/gm
Fuel factor for protein:
4 kcal/gm
Calculation of food value:
Number of grams of specific nutrient x fuel factor of specific nutrient = energy value
Food Guides
- Food Guide Pyramid
- Pinggang Pinoy
- FNRI Menu Guide Calendar
- Nutritionally Adequate Menu
Guide to the amount and kinds of foods we should eat daily to maintain health and to reduce risk of developing diet-related diseases
Food Guide Pyramid
new, easy to understand food guide that uses a familiar food plate model to convey the right food group proportions on a per-meal basis, to meet the body’s energy and nutrient needs of Filipino adults
Pinggang Pinoy
serves as a visual tool to help Filipinos adopt healthy eating habits at meal times by delivering effective dietary and healthy lifestyle messages
Pinggang Pinoy
this cycle menu can serve as a guide among Feeding Coordinators in the planning and preparation of nutritious and healthy meals
FNRI Menu Guide Calendar