PROTEINS

Question 1

are organic compounds formed from chains of amino acids

Answer 1

proteins

Question 2

are essential for almost every bodily function, beginning with the genetic control of protein synthesis, cell function, and cell reproduction

Answer 2

proteins

Question 3

proteins are essential for almost every bodily function, beginning with the _______________________________________________________________________________

Answer 3

genetic control of protein synthesis, cell function, and cell reproduction

Question 4

Organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Answer 4

Amino Acids

Question 5

the distinguishable factor of protein from other nutrients

Answer 5

nitrogen

Question 6

Functions of proteins

Answer 6

• Repair of worn-out body tissue caused by continued wear-and-tear in the body
• Used to build new tissue
• Sources of heat and energy
• Contribute to numerous essential body secretions, fluids, and enzymes
• Important in maintenance of normal osmotic relations among various fluids
• Plays a vital role in the resistance of the body to diseases
• Furnishes amino acids for a variety of metabolic functions

Question 7

Proteins according to Food Source

Answer 7

• Complete protein
• Incomplete protein

Question 8

• Contains sufficient amounts of all essential amino acids. Beef, fish, poultry, eggs, and milk are examples of foods that contain complete proteins
• High biologic value

Answer 8

Complete protein

Question 9

lack one or more of the essential amino acids, usually lysine, methionine, and tryptophan. By properly mixing complementary proteins in the diet, such as corn and beans, one can produce a complete protein.

Answer 9

Incomplete protein

Question 10

Digestion and Metabolism of Proteins

Answer 10

1. Mouth - Mechanical digestion
   - Mastication breaks protein-containing food into smaller pieces
2. Stomach - Pepsinogen – secreted by stomach mucosa. Becomes activated when it mixes
   with HCl = Pepsin
3. Small Intestine - Pancreatic enzyme: Trypsin—Primary pancreatic enzyme
   - Other pancreatic enzyme: Chymotrypsin and carboxypeptidase
   - Intestinal enzymes: Aminopeptidase and dipeptidase

Question 11

During digestion, proteins are broken down into

Answer 11

amino acids

Question 12

Excess dietary amino acids are not excreted in the urine or feces but instead are converted into

Answer 12

glucose (gluconeogenesis) or triglycerides (lipogenesis).

Question 13

Is the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids to produce new proteins.

Answer 13

Protein Anabolism

Question 14

Is carried out on the ribosomes of almost every cell in the body, directed by the cells’ DNA and RNA

Answer 14

Protein Anabolism

Question 15

The hepatocytes begin the process of catabolism through DEAMINATION

Answer 15

Protein Catabolism

Question 16

The hepatocytes begin the process of catabolism through

Answer 16

DEAMINATION

Question 17

Ammonia + keto acid =

Answer 17

Amino acid

Question 18

Imbalance of nutrient intake

Answer 18

MALNUTRITION

Question 19

Malnutrition caused by lack of protein or energy or both

Answer 19

PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRITION

Question 20

Malnutrition caused by a lack of energy (kilocalorie) intake

Answer 20

MARASMUS

Question 21

Malnutrition caused by a lack of protein while consuming adequate energy

Answer 21

KWASHIORKOR