Proteins Flashcards
Made of
20 standard amino acids
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and USUALLY sulfur
Amino Acids
simple organic compounds,
Process that joins amino acids together
Dehydration synthesis: removes OH and H to allow two amino acids to join together
Three Categories of Amino Acids
Essential, Conditionally non-essential, and non-essential
Primary Structure
This level of structure is determined by the sequence of
Oxidation
An atoms loss of electrons
Reduction
An atoms gain of electrons
Atom vs Ion
An atom is the smallest part of any element. When an atom gains or loses an electron it becomes an ion. Atoms are neutral, ions have a charge.
Covalent vs Ionic Bonding
Ionic bonding occurs when valence electrons are transferred to another atom. In covalent bonding, atoms share electrons
Organic substance
They are the molecules of life. Always contain hydrogen and oxygen
Four most common elements found in living things?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Hydrolysis
A reaction breaking the bond of a molecule using water. Mainly between a water molecule and an ion
Relationship between macromolecule and a monomer
A macromolecule is the name for many molecules joined together, and a monomer is the name for one of the organic molecules that are part of that bond. (Individually, links with other monomers)
Mechanism that prevents change to blood pH
The body contains carbonic acid and bicarbonate ion which cause chemical changes in the blood if hydrogen or hydroxide are added
To form a macromolecule…
…two or more monomers must join together by the process known as dehydration synthesis in which one or more (OH) and (H) molecules are removed from smaller molecular units
Types of Carbohydrates
Monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides. Difference between them is how many monosaccharides are included
Monosaccharides
Galactose, found in dairy
Fructose found in fruit sugar
Disaccharides
Maltose, found in germinating seeds
Sucrose, found in sugar
Polysaccharides
Starch, found in seeds
Cellutose, found in cotton
Two monosaccharides may be joined together by the process of…
dehydration synthesis to yield a disaccharide. The bond formed between the two simple sugars is a covalent bond
What are carbohydrates composed of
Carbon
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Nucleotides
Building blocks of nucleic acids
ATP
Adenosine Triphosphate. A nucleotide that is vital for energy transformation in cells
Examples of nucleic acid
RNA and DNA
Basic structure of Nucleotides
Phosphate, pentose sugar, nitrofen containing base
Base-pairing rule
A is paired with T
C is paired with G
What is released when ATP is changed to ADP
A phosphate group
Equation that summarizes the change of ADP to ATP
ADP + H + Energy - ATP
