Eukaryotic Structures in Plant and Animal Cells

Question 1

Ribosomes

Answer 1

Protein synthesis

Numerous ribosomes are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 2

Endsoplasmic reticulum

Answer 2

Involved with protein synthesis and lipid synthesis

Vesicles transport products from the ER to the golgi apparatus

Question 3

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 3

Part of the endomembrane system
made up of complex vesicles and membranes
involved with secretion and intercellular transport

Question 4

Vacuoles

Answer 4

larger than vesicles

plants typically have a central vacuole

Question 5

Chloroplasts

Answer 5

use solar energy to synthesize carbohydrates (carbohydrate-derived particles are broken down to produce ATP molecules)

Question 6

Cellular respiration

Answer 6

The process by which the chemical energy of carbohydrates is converted to that of ATP

Question 7

Stroma

Answer 7

Fluid-filled space enclosed by two membranes

Question 8

Mitochondria

Answer 8

respiration and energy production

double membrane

Question 9

Actin filaments

Answer 9

long, extremely thin, flexible fibers that occur in bundles or meshlike networks

Question 10

Microtubules

Answer 10

components of a cytoskeleton

small, hollow cylinders

Question 11

Cytoskeleton

Answer 11

Internal skeleton composed of actin filaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules that maintain the shape of the cell and assist in the movement of its parts

Question 12

Centrioles

Answer 12

Short cylinders

may be involved with microtubule formation

Question 13

Cilia and Flagella

Answer 13

hair -like projections that can move like a whip, or like an oar (stiffly)
enable some cells to move

Question 14

Peroxisomes

Answer 14

Membrane-bounded vesicles that enclose enzymes
Contain one or more enzymes that can oxidize various organic substances
Break down molecules and as a result produce hydrogen peroxide molecules