Plant Cells Flashcards
1
Q
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
A
- Made up of flattened sacs called cisternae
- Outside of cisternae have ribosomes attached
- Function is to synthesize proteins for secretion from cell
2
Q
Nucleus
A
- Double membrane
- Nuclear pores
- contains chromosomes and uncoiled chromosomes
3
Q
3 Major Regions of Cell Wall
A
- Middle lamella-outermost layer made up of pectic polysaccharides. Responsible for binding adjacent cells
- Primary Wall - Made up of pectic polysaccharides, cross-linking glycans, cellulose and protein
4
Q
Components of the Structure of a Cell Wall
A
- Cellulose-basic building block
- Cross-linking glycans - varied group of carbohydrates
- pectic polysaccharide - easiest part to remove from wall
- protein - typically gylcoproteins’- Lignin - Primary strengthening agent (resists fungal/pathogen attack)
- Suberin, wax, cutin-lipids that strengthen and waterproof wall
- water makes up 75%-80% of cell wall
5
Q
Structure and Function of Cell Wall
A
- Maintain/determine the cells shape
- Support/mechanical strength
- Prevent the cell from bursting (resists water pressure)
- Controls the rate/direction of cell growth
- Regulates cell volume
- Physical permeable barrier
6
Q
How are Vacuoles Formed
A
The fusion of multiple membrane vesicles
7
Q
Functions of the Vacuole Include
A
- Isolating harmful materials that could pose a threat to the growth of a cell
- Containing waste products
- Contain water (PC)
- Maintain pressure in cell
- Maintain acidic internal pH
- Contain smalle molecules
- Export unwanted substances
8
Q
Cholesterol
A
Binds together lipid in the plasma membrane - reducing fluidity
9
Q
Phospholipid Bilayer
A
- Can exchange position in the horizontal plane but not the vertical
- Hydrophobic layer acts as a barrier to all but smallest particles, effectively isolating the two sides of the membrane
- Polar, hydrophilic phosphate heads facing inwards, and their non-polar hydrophobic fatty acid tails facing each other in the middle of the bilayer
10
Q
Integral Proteins
A
- Usually span from one side of the phospholipid bilayer to the other
- these proteins are usually involved in transporting substances across the membrane
11
Q
Peripheral Proteins
A
- Sit on surface of the membrane and can slide around very quickly
- Often involved with maintaining the cells shape
- may also be enzymes, catalyzing reactions in the cytoplasm
12
Q
Glycoproteins
A
Usually involved in all cell recognition as part of immune system
Can also act as receptors in cell signalling with hormones
13
Q
Membrane Protein Types:
A
Channel Proteins
Receptor Proteins
Enzymes
Electron Carriers
14
Q
Composition of a phospholipid bilayer
A
- Hydrophilic heads which are polar (attracted to Aquarius conditions)
- Hydrophobic which are repelled by Aquarius conditions
15
Q
General functions of the plasma membrane
A
Allows select substances in and out of the cell
Stable barrier
Protect cell
Shape to cell
