Protein Synthesis

Question 1

Human Genotype

Answer 1

46 chromosomes
each chromosome has two chromosome legs
each leg is called a chromatid
each chromatid has thousands of dna nucleotides in loose strands called chromatin

Question 2

Role of DNA

Answer 2

DNA stores the genetic information in the nucleus until it is time to pass on information
dna is the blueprint for cells to makeup protein

Question 3

DNA structure

Answer 3

DNA is a double helix - twisted laddar

Polymer of DNA monomers

Question 4

DNA Nucleotide

Answer 4

Each nucleotide has three sub-components

• 5 carbon sugar called deoxyribose
• phosphate group
• nitrogen containing bases

Question 5

DNA Nucleotide Bases

Answer 5

4 Bases: Adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine

Hydrogen bonding between the bases which keeps the DNA strands in a double helix shape

Question 6

DNA Replication

Answer 6

Requires 3 enzymes
1. DNA Helicase: “unzips” the double helix by breaking hydrogen bonds between bases
2. DNA Polymerase: attaches new DNA nucleotide to complementary DNA nucleotide in parent DNA strand
3. DNA Ligase: ties strands back together
Result of DNA replication is two double helix’
Newly synthesized strand is anti-parallel to the other

Question 7

RNA Structure

Answer 7

Single strand
Ribose sugar
Urcial base replaces thymine base
RNA is made from nucleus and cytoplasm

Question 8

Role of RNA

Answer 8

mRNA: Carries protein synthesis information stored in DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm
tRNA: Brings amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis
rRNA: combines with proteins to make the ribosomes