Cell Biology Flashcards
Mitosis
Division of the nucleus
Cytokinesis
Division of the cytoplasm
Apoptosis
During this process, the cell goes through a typical series of events that bring about its destruction
Chromatin
Thin threads, extremely compact strand of DNA
Chromatid
Replicated strands of chromatin become chromatid
Chromosomes
Carries the DNA of the cell
Haploid
Sperm and egg cells (Half the number of chromosomes)
Diploid
Two pairs of each chromosome
Glycolipids contain
Carbohydrates and protein
Pumps in active transport are made of
Proteins
NA+ movement across the membrane is done through…
Active transport
Homologues
Members of the pairs of chromosomes
Binary FIssion
A form of asexual reproduction
Steps of Binary Fission
DNA replicates
Cell lengthens
two chromosomes separate and the cell divides
two resulting bacteria are identical
Cytokensis in animal vs plant cells
In animal cells is accomplished by furrowing
In plant cells involves the formation of a cell plate
Cell plate
Collection of vesicles which move along microtubules
Meiosis 1
Homologues chromosomes pair and then separate
Each daughter nucleus recieves one member from each pair of chromosomes
Meiosis 2
Results in four haploid daughter cells and each chromatid is now a chromosome
Nondisjunction
The failure of homologues chromosomes to separate during anaphase 1 or the failure of sister chromatids to separate during anaphase 2
ATP
A nucleotide composed of the nitrogen-containing base adenosine and 5 carbon ribose sugars
Coupled reactions
The energy released by an exergonic reaction is used to drive an endogenic reaction`
Basic features cells share:
Cell membrane
Nucleic acid
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Isolate cells contents from outside environment
