proteins💥 Flashcards
biomacromolecules
a large organic molecule, found in organisms. Composed of smaller subunits. Polymer of amino acids
polymer
a large molecule composed of a chain of repeating similar smaller molecules
enzyme
a protein that catalyses a chemical reaction without being used up in the reaction
proteome
the entire complement of proteins in a cell or organism, more diverse than the genome
amino acids
subunits or monomers of which proteins are made
how many different amino acids are there?
20
what makes amino acids unique?
the R-groups
what is the structure of amino acids?
central carbon(C-H,C=O), carboxyl group (O-H), R group, amino group (NH2)
where are amino acids polymerised?
ribosomes in the process of translation
what does it mean by amino acids getting polymerised?
come together through peptide bonds
explain the polymerisation of amino acids
-polymerised at a ribosome in the process of translation
-each amino acid is brought into place by a transfer RNA molecule
-a hydroxyl (OH) group is broken off the carboxyl group of one amino acid, and forms a covalent bond with a hydrogen from the amino group of another, together forming a water molecule
-amino acid residues are joined together forming a peptide bond which is a covalent bond.
polypeptide
a long chain of many amino acids (100 or more)
peptide
a short chain (20 or less) amino acids
what is the reaction called when two amino acids join together
condensation polymerisation
peptide bond
a covalent bond between two adjacent amino acids
