photosynthesis

Question 1

photosynthesis

Answer 1

capturing light energy to power the production of glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water

Question 1

photosynthesis equation

Answer 1

6CO2 + 12H20->C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O

Question 2

chloroplast

Answer 2

membrane bound organelle found in plant cells and others that perform photosynthesis.

Question 3

chlorophyll

Answer 3

found in the thylakoid membrane. responsible for absorbing light and energy

Question 4

light dependent stage

Answer 4

the first stage. happens in the thylakoid. Light energy splits hydrogen and oxygen atoms - photolysis

Question 5

light dependent inputs

Answer 5

-12 H2O
-12 NADP+
-18 adp + pi

Question 6

light dependent outputs

Answer 6

-6O2
-12 NADPH
-18 atp

Question 7

summary of light dependent stage

Answer 7

1. Light energy excites chlorophyll, causing H2o to split, release electrons. H+ ions are pumped through the concentration gradient.
2. oxygen is released as a waste product
3. H+ ions make NADPH, and their movement makes ATP
4. NADPH and ATP are outputs

Question 8

Light independent stage

Answer 8

the second stage of photosynthesis. Happens in the stroma. carbon dioxide is used to form glucose through calvin cycle.

Question 9

light independent inputs

Answer 9

-6CO2
-12NADPH
-18 ATP

Question 10

light independent outputs

Answer 10

-C6H12O6
-6H2O
-12NADP+
18adp + pi

Question 11

rubisco

Answer 11

an enzyme involved in carbon fixation. binding carbon and fixing it into 3-PGA, thus initiating the calvin cycle

Question 12

carbon fixation

Answer 12

inorganic carbon turned organic (includes a Hydrogen)

Question 13

photorespiration

Answer 13

a wasteful process in plants that happens when temperatures are too high, and rubisco has a higher affinity to binding with oxygen. This limits the production of glucose. OR. when it is too hot, stomata closes, and the oxygen trapped from light dependent stage is trapped in the leaf so has a higher chance of binding to rubisco

Question 14

c3 plants

Answer 14

no adaptations to overcoming photorespiration

Question 15

c4 plants

Answer 15

splitting light dependent and independent to minimise photorespiration

Question 16

cam

Answer 16

happens at night to minimise water loss

Question 17

ways crispr can improve calvin cycle

Answer 17

-modify rubisco activity
-change c3 plants to c4 or cam
-introduce alternative routes to photorespiration

Question 18

ways crispr can improve physical tolerance

Answer 18

-drought tolerance
-heat stress
-frost tolerance

Question 19

ways crispr can improve disease and chemical resistance

Answer 19

-immunity against viruses
-immunity against bacteria
-greater herbicide resistance
-greater pesticide resistance

Question 20

ways crispr can improve plant organelles

Answer 20

-increase chloroplast efficiency
-adjust stomata to improve Co2 uptake
-improve light capture in chloroplasts

Question 21

ways crispr can improve product enhancement

Answer 21

-improve nutritional value
-longer shelf life
-bioactive compounds

Question 22

biomass

Answer 22

-animal and plant matter

Question 23

biofuel

Answer 23

fuel created from biomass

Question 24

are biofuels renewable? how?

Answer 24

-yes, they are renewable -made from biomass which is readily available and easily replenished

Question 25

example of a biofuel and it's environmental benefits

Answer 25

-bioethanol -made by fermentation of sugars from plants such as corn -replaces fuels that are non renewable and release large amounts of co2 into the environment -bioethanol is carbon neutral, reduces greenhouse gas emissions, and reduces dependence on crude oils.