non cellular components of second line

Question 1

Complement proteins

Answer 1

different proteins within the blood that form the complement cascade

Question 2

complement cascade

Answer 2

a complex series of events after the activation of complement proteins

Question 3

opsonisation of pathogens

Answer 3

complement proteins stick to the surface of pathogens, making them more susceptible to phagocytosis because they are easier to recognise

Question 4

chemotaxis

Answer 4

complement proteins gather near a pathogen and attract phagocytes, increasing the chance of it getting destroyed

Question 5

lysis

Answer 5

complement proteins join together to form a membrane attack complex on the surface of pathogens, destroying them via lysis

Question 6

interferons

Answer 6

a cell that has been infected by a virus (good cell) releases this type of cytokine.
- warn surrounding cells of infection, allowing them to make changes to make them less susceptible to viral infections