Proteins

Question 1

What are proteins?

Answer 1

= polymers made from amino acid monomers
= condensation polymer
= forms water from an OH and a hydrogen- condensation
= water is added- hydrolosis

Question 2

What is the bond between amino acids called?

Answer 2

= peptide bonds

Question 3

How to find the amino acid monomers the proteins are made from?

Answer 3

= remove peptide bond, add OH or a hydrogen

Question 4

What is the primary structure?

Answer 4

= specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 5

What is the secondary structure?

Answer 5

= hydrogen bonds exist between peptide links, causes polypeptide chain to either:
= fold into beta pleated sheets
= coil into alpha helixes
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Question 6

What is the teritary structure?

Answer 6

= protein chain is long
= continuation of folding and coiling, 3 dimensional structure of the protein

Question 7

What do proteins have?

Answer 7

= specific shape
= held together by hydrogen bonding and disulfide bridges
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Question 8

how are disulfide brigges formed?

Answer 8

= -SH group
= lose a hydrogen
= and sulfur atoms can bond forming a disulphide S-S bond

Question 9

What is hydrogen bonding?

Answer 9

= partial positives hydrogens are attracted to the lone pair of electrons in a partial negative oxygen, intermolecular force

Question 10

What does PH and temperature do?

Answer 10

= change the shape of the protein by breaking the bonds

Question 11

What are enymes?

Answer 11

= proteins
= biological catalysts- speed up chemical reactions without being used up
= suvstrates interact with enzymes to speed up chemical reactions
= has a 3d active site, teritary protein structure, substrates can interact to form a complex
= specific to only one type of substrate and the shape is fixed

Question 12

What kind of carbon do enzymes have and why?

Answer 12

= enzymes have a chiral carbon, due to the amino acids
= only one enatoimer in the substrate will fit into the active site, this means enzymes are stereospecific

Question 13

What are inhibtitors?

Answer 13

= rate of reaction can be slowed down using inhibitors to block the active site from the substrate
= similar shape to the substrate, that can form enzyme-substrate complex
= more inhibitors= more blocked active sites so lower rate of reaction
= another factor is how strongly the inhibitoe binds

Question 14

How do antibiotics work?

Answer 14

= these work like inhibitors
= blocking active site of enzyme, that is responsible of making the cell wall, the bacteria burtss and dies therefore
= as active sites are sterospecific it is difficult to find drugs that will fit in the active site, as if there is a chiral carbon, then only one enatoimer works
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