Nmr

Question 1

What are the 2 types?

Answer 1

CNMR
HNMR

Question 2

How do we know how many signals there are?

Answer 2

= one signal peak for each set of equalivalent carbon

Question 3

What is the intergration value?

Answer 3

= the number of carbons associated with the groups of similar atoms

Question 4

What solvents are used?

Answer 4

= no hydrigen atoms
= so no peaks
= CCl4 is used- non polar good solvent for non-polar substances
= CDCl3= polar a good solvent for polar organic substances
=

Question 5

What is used to calibrate the system?

Answer 5

= TMs
= Si(Ch3)4

Question 6

Why is TMs used?

Answer 6

= only gives one signal
= signal is away from all the other H signals
= strong signal so a small amount is needed
= non-toxic
= inert
= low boiling point, so can be removed from sample easily

Question 7

What is splitting?

Answer 7

= number of neihgbouring hydrogens. unless it is 4 carbons away

Question 9

What are the exceptions?

Answer 9

= hydrogen bonded to a OH or a nitrogen