How can rate be determined using experiments

Question 1

What is the first way?

Answer 1

= change in PH
= PH in a reaction may change over time, if H+ ions are used or produced
= pH meter can be used, to measure the PH at various intervals and then calculae H+ ion concentration

Question 2

What is another way voume of… ?

Answer 2

= volume of gas produced
= measure the amount of gas produced using a gas syringe

Question 3

What is another measurement?

Answer 3

= for reactions that produce a gas, place on balance and measure the mass lost as gas is lost
= mole calculations can be used to determine the reactants that is left