Condensation polymers

Question 1

What are the 2 common types?

Answer 1

= polyamide and polyester
= involves ester linkage or amine linkage

Question 2

What happens and what is formed in condensation polymers?

Answer 2

= two different monomers react together- monomers usuallt have same functional groups on either side ‘di’
= small molecule is given off side product
= Hcl or H2o
=

Question 3

How are polyamines formed?

Answer 3

= reacting dicarboxylic acid and diamines together
= amide links are formed when diCOOH acids react with diamines
= we have to use diCOOH acid groups and diamines as they have functional groups on either side which allows chains to form
= remember when drawing these to form the middle bond and also the bonds at the end

Question 4

What is Kevlar used for ?

Answer 4

= polyamide
= used in bulletproof vests, car tyres sports equipment,

Question 5

What is kevlar made from?

Answer 5

= benzene-1-4-dicarboyxlic acid
= 1-4 diaminobenze
= forms 2 water molecules
= 2nH2o

Question 6

What is nylon 6 used for?

Answer 6

= polyamide
= used in ropes, carpets, clothing and prachute fabric
=

Question 7

What is nylon 6 made from?

Answer 7

= hexandioic acid
= 1-6diaminohexane

Question 8

How are polyesters formed?

Answer 8

= dicarboxylic acids and diols together
= water is eliminated

Question 9

What is terylene used for?

Answer 9

= polyester
= used in plastic drink bottles
= sheeting in clothes
= acronyem PET

Question 10

What is terylene made from?

Answer 10

= benzene-1-4-dicarboyxlic acids
= ethane1-2- diol
=

Question 11

What is the polarity of condensation polymers?

Answer 11

= C=O groups and N-H groups have partial positive and partial negative charges
= more rigid and stronger
= hydrogen bonds and dipole forces, vanderwall forces

Question 12

Why are polyalkenes non-biodegreadable?

Answer 12

= strong C-C bonds, non-polar, so unreactive and requires a great deal of energy to break
= cannot be hydrolysed, whilst condensation polymers can

Question 13

Why are condensation polymers biodegredable?

Answer 13

= polar
= suspectiable to nucleophile attacks
= biodegradable
= broken down by hydrolosis slowly
=

Question 14

How are polymers disposed in landfills?

Answer 14

= most plymers are not bio-degradable
= landfill is used for plastics that:
= are too difficult to rcycle
= are to difficult to seperate from other materials
= when waste decomposes in landfill, it produces methane (greenhouse gas)
= risk of water contamination and leeching
=

Question 15

Why is landfillnot sustainable?

Answer 15

= large amoiunts of land are needed
= increasingly expensive
=

Question 16

What is incineration?

Answer 16

= most polymers are not bio-degradable
= incineration, is used if plastic cannot be recycled
= energy from burning can be used to generate electricity
= burning plastics can release toxins, sp these need to be monitored

Question 17

How can polymers be recycled?

Answer 17

= most plastics are made from crude oil wich is non-renewabke
= recycling means reducing depency on crude oil
= some plastic can be remouldded
= other plastics can be cracked, into monomers, to be used as organic feedstok,