Prostate Cancer Flashcards
Median age of diagnosis for prostate cancer
72 years old
What are 7 risk factors of prostate cancer?
- Age
- Sex
- Race
- Family History
- BPH
- Increased testosterone exposure
- Diet
Why should you not use the 5-alpha reductive inhibitors?
Patients can develop a more aggressive form
What are the 3 screening techniques used?
- Digital rectal exam (DRE)
- Prostate specific antigen (PSA)
- Transrectal ultrasonography
Glycoprotein produced by prostate epithelial cells
Prostate specific antigen
Higher levels of PSA = ?
Increased risk of prostate cancer
All men >50 should be offered to take what two tests?
- PSA
- DRE
If a patients life expectancy is <10 years, should they be screening for prostate cancer?
No
Early stages/ localized disease is __________.
Asymptomatic
Since prostate cancer is an advanced metastatic disease, what 5 things does it cause?
- Lower extremity edema
- Hematuria or blood in the semen
- Bone fracture pain/fractures
- Anemia
- Weight loss
What are 3 metastatic sites for prostate cancer?
- Bone
- Lung
- Liver
Test that determines the aggressiveness of PC
Gleason Score
What is the worst prognosis you can get for the Gleason score?
10
What stages of PC are confined to the prostate?
T1 and T2
What are the options for treatment in localized pc?
- Active surveillance
- Radical prostatectomy
- Radiation Therapy
What is premise for active surveillance?
That PC is benign and indolent
When is active surveillance the most appropriate? 2
- < 10 years of life expectancy
- Low grade disease
What are two complications pc patients face with radiation?
- Impotence
- Rectal/bladder symptoms
What are your options for stage 3 pc?
- Radiation +/- ADT
- ADT
What are the 2 first line hormonal therapies?
- Androgen Ablation
- Combined androgen blockade