Principles Of Oncology Flashcards
Abnormal growth and division of cells
Cancer
What are 6 examples of solid tumors?
- Breast
- Lung
- Prostate
- Colon
- Pancreatic
- Ovarian
What are 3 examples of liquid tumors?
- Leukemia
- Lymphoma
- Multiple myeloma
Cancer that is confined to a single area or organ
Localized
Migration of the same cancer to a distant site away from the primary tumor
Metastatic
When is cancer the most curable?
Before it has metastasized
Screening is clearly recommended for what types of cancer? 4
- Breast
- Colon
- Prostate
- Cervical/ endometrial
Which type of cancers need screened when the individuals are at high risk or with a family history may need to undergo additional screening? 3
- Lung
- Breast
- Colon
What is the most effective means of treatment?
Surgery
Surgery is only possible for what type of tumors?
Solid tumors
What causes breaks in DNA by generating free radicals?
Radiation
When is radiation effective?
When the tumor is superficial
True or false: you can radiate large portions of the body at once
False
What are the 4 major types of therapies?
- Conventional chemotherapy
- Targeted therapy
- Biological therapy
- Hormonal therapy
Large molecules with the ability to regulate growth of tumor cells or induce an immune response
Biologic therapy
Indiscriminately targets DNA structure or replication
Conventional therapy
Designed to act on a specific molecular target
Targeted therapy
Relies on endocrine function to alter tumor growth
Hormonal therapy
What type of chemotherapy is the standard of care?
Combination therapy
Traditional chemotherapy agents have what?
A very narrow therapeutic index
ideal combination chemotherapy regimens contains agents with non-overlapping _____ and ________.
Mechanisms; toxicities
What 5 types of cells can chemotherapy blindly destroy?
- Tumor cells
- Blood cells
- Hair cells
- GI cells
- Reproductive cells
Chemotherapy timing that is used to eliminate micrometastases
Adjuvant
Chemotherapy timing that is used to shrink the tumor before therapy
Neoadjuvant
Chemotherapy timing that is done after the initial attempt has failed
Salvage
Intent where the goal of therapy is to prevent recurrence and normal lifespan is expected
Curative intent
When the cancer is not curable and the goals are to prevent further progression of the tumor and maximize the remaining quality of life
Palliative intent
Which intent would you want to maintain maximum doses of chemotherapy and schedule at all costs?
Curative intent
Which intent would you want to make changes to doses for toxicities and changes in schedule?
Palliative intent
What are 4 tumor specific factors for choosing therapy?
- Type of tumor
- Stage of disease
- Genetics
- Drug resistance
What are 5 patient specific factors for choosing therapy?
- Performance status
- Organ function
- Body habits
- Co-morbid conditions
- Patient beliefs/ wishes
Smaller doses of what agent may be effective against cancer of the blood?
Nitrogen mustards
