Fluids And Electrolytes Flashcards
What two compartments does water account for?
- Intracellular
- Extracellular
What is fluid status maintained by?
Vasopressin
What are the 3 most common causes of hypervolemia?
- HF
- Cirrhosis
- Hypoalbuminemia
What are 4 symptoms of hypervolemia?
- Pitting edema
- Muscle weakness
- Pulmonary edema
- Distended neck veins
What are 2 vital signs that are indicative of hypervolemia?
- Increased BP
- Full peripheral pulses
What are 2 laboratory values used in hypervolemia?
- Low BUN
- Low Hct
How would you clear the fluid for hypervolemia?
Loop Diuretics
How much fluid should you restrict for hypervolemia?
1-2 L
The most common cause of hypovolemia is renal losses due to _______ or _________.
Hyperglycemia; high urea
What are symptoms of hypovolemia? 5
- Fatigue
- Thirst
- Orthostasis
- Chest pain —> if severe
- Confusion —> if severe
A patient presents with symptoms of diminished skin turgor, dry oral mucosa, orthostatic tachycardia or orthostatic hypotension, what do they have?
Hypovolemia
An increase in HR of 15-20 bpm when standing
Orthostatic tachycardia
> 10-20 mmHg drop in bp when standing
Orthostatic hypotension
Laboratory values used for hypovolemia diagnostics?
- Increased BUN
- Increases SCr
- Bicarbonate
How would bicarbonate be lost with hypovolemia?
Diarrhea
What can you give IV for hypovolemia? 3
- Normal saline
- Colloids
- Hypotonic solution
For hypovolemia, what’s the maintenance of fluids?
25-30 ml/kg/day
When would you give less fluid in hypovolemia?
- HF
- elderly and frail
What is hypernatremia associated with?
High Mortality
What is the most common type of electrolyte abnormality?
Hyponatremia
What is the level for hyponatremia?
Na <135 mEq/L
What are mild symptoms of hypernatremia? 4
- Lethargy
- Weakness
- Restlessness
- Twitching