Prologue Terms

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Question 2

Empiricism

Answer 2

The view that knowledge comes from experience via senses

Question 3

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 3

Did the first experiments

Opened the first laboratory in Leipzig, Germany

Question 4

Structuralism

Answer 4

Introduced by Edward Titchener

An early school of psychology introduced introspection to explore structure

Question 5

Edward Titchener

Answer 5

Opened the first US laboratory at Cornell University

Developed structuralism

Question 6

Introspection

Answer 6

Looking inward

Self reflection

Question 7

Functionalism

Answer 7

Introduced by William James
Focused on how mental and behavioral processes function
How they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourished

Question 8

William James

Answer 8

Wrote “Principles of Psychology”
One of the first U.S. Psychologists
Developed functionalism

Question 9

Mary Calkins

Answer 9

Student of William James
Became a pioneering memory researcher
First female president of the American Psychological Association (APA)

Question 10

Margaret Floy Washburn

Answer 10

First woman to receive Ph.D in psychology

Second APA woman president

Question 10

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 10

Looking through the eyes of the observer and of the doer of behavior
Affiliation - need to belong/fit-in
Self esteem 
How one can reach full potential
Free will 
Psychological needs/safety = #1

Question 11

Nature vs. Nurture

Answer 11

Environment affects vs. genetics

Question 12

Natural Selection

Answer 12

Survival of the fittest

Question 13

Evolutionary Perspective

Answer 13

How evolution affects psychology

Question 14

Biological/Neuroscience Perspective

Answer 14

Role of genetics on behavior
Focuses on brain and nervous system
Chemical imbalances

Question 15

Psychodynamic/Psychoanalytic Perspective

Answer 15

Study of unconscious mind

Question 16

Behavioral Perspective

Answer 16

Focused on learned behaviors

Reinforcers and punishments

Question 17

Cognitive Perspective

Answer 17

Mental thought processes

How one interprets thoughts

Question 18

Social-Cultural Perspective

Answer 18

Awareness of individuals and how environment affects behavior
How race, religion, etc affects a person’s behavior

Question 19

Basic Research

Answer 19

Systematic study to gain a greater knowledge

Question 20

Applied Research

Answer 20

Scientific study applied to solve problems

Question 21

Biological Psychologist

Answer 21

Uses biology to study behavior of humans

Question 22

Developmental Psychologist

Answer 22

Study of changes that occur throughout the course of life

Question 23

Cognitive Psychologist

Answer 23

Study of attention, language, memory, thinking

Question 24

Personality Psychologist

Answer 24

Study of variations in personality

Question 25

Social Psychologist

Answer 25

Study of thoughts, behavior, feelings influenced by others

Question 26

Counseling Psychology

Answer 26

Counseling processes dealing with outcome/prevention and health/strengths and weaknesses

Question 27

Clinical Psychology

Answer 27

Assessment and treatment/prevention of mental disorders

Question 28

Psychiatry

Answer 28

Gets medical degree

Study of treatment and more serious mental disorders