Chapter 4 Part One

Question 1

Developmental Psychology

Answer 1

The branch of psychology concerned with physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the lifetime

Question 2

Zygote

Answer 2

Greek for joint

A fertilized egg

Question 3

Embryo

Answer 3

Developing prenatal organism between 2 weeks to 2 months after conception

Question 4

Fetus

Answer 4

The developing prenatal human from 9 weeks to birth

Question 5

Teratogens

Answer 5

Chemicals or viruses that cross the mothers placenta to the developing baby that can harm it

Question 6

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

Answer 6

Abnormalities that heavy drinking by the pregnant woman may cause in the developing child

Question 7

Rooting Reflex

Answer 7

Newborns tendency when stroked to orient toward touch in search of nipple

Question 8

Habituation

Answer 8

Used to study infant cognition

Is the decreasing responsiveness to a stimulus that is repeatedly presented

Question 9

Maturation

Answer 9

Refers to the biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior and are relatively uninfluenced by experience or other environmental factors

Question 10

Jean Piaget

Answer 10

Developmental psychologist who is best known for studying the cognitive development in children using careful observation
4 stage theory

Question 11

Schemas

Answer 11

Mental concepts and frameworks formed that organize and interpret information

Question 12

Assimilation

Answer 12

Refers to interpreting a new experience in terms of an existing schema

Question 13

Accommodation

Answer 13

Refers to changing an existing schema to incorporate new information that cannot be assimilated

Question 14

Cognition

Answer 14

Refers to all mental processes associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

Question 15

Sensorimotor Stage

Answer 15

This stage lasts from birth to age 2

Infants gain knowledge of the world through their senses and motor activities

Question 16

Object Permanence

Answer 16

Develops during the sensorimotor stage, is the awareness that things do not cease to exist when not perceived

Question 17

Preoperational Stage

Answer 17

This stage lasts from 2-7 years old

Language development is rapid, but child is unable to understand the mental operations of concrete logic

Question 18

Conservation

Answer 18

Properties like number, volume, and mass remain constant despite changes of object forms
Acquired during concrete operational stage

Question 19

Egocentrism

Answer 19

Difficulty that Preoperational children have in considering another’s viewpoint
Self centered

Question 20

Theory of Mind

Answer 20

Our ideas about our own thoughts and others thoughts, feelings, and perceptions, and the behaviors these might predict constitute this

Question 21

Autism

Answer 21

A disorder in childhood marked by deficiencies in communications, social interaction, and theory of mind

Question 22

Concrete Operational Stage

Answer 22

Lasting from 6-11, children can think logically about concrete events and objects

Question 23

Formal Operational Stage

Answer 23

Begins at age 12

People begin to think logically about abstract thoughts

Question 24

Stranger Anxiety

Answer 24

The fear of strangers that infants begin to display at 8 months of age

Question 25

Mary Ainsworth

Answer 25

Known for her work in early emotional attachment with the Strange Situation design, as well as her work in the development of attachment theory

Question 26

Attachment

Answer 26

An emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation

Question 27

Secure Attachment

Answer 27

Children with this know that adults are reliable and will trust people Get over it when mother leaves, seek contact when she comes back, comforted

Question 28

Insecure Attachment

Answer 28

Children with this have learned that adults are not reliable, and do not trust easily Children cry more often when mother returns they hardly react