Chapter 15 Part One

Question 1

Sigmund Freud

Answer 1

Focused on the unconscious and childhood experiences in determining our personality

Question 2

Free Association

Answer 2

The Freudian technique in which the person is encouraged to say whatever comes to mind as a means of exploring the unconscious

Question 3

Psychoanalysis

Answer 3

The treatment of psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret the tensions within a patients unconscious, using methods like free association

Question 4

Unconscious

Answer 4

The part of the mind that contains material of which we are unaware but that strongly influences our behavior

Question 5

Id

Answer 5

The unconscious system of personality with basic sexual and aggressive drives, that supplies psychic energy to seasonality - Devil

Question 6

Ego

Answer 6

The unconscious division of personality that attempts to mediate between the demands of the id, superego and reality - umpire

Question 7

Superego

Answer 7

The division of personality that contains the conscience and develops by incorporating the perceived moral standards of society - angel

Question 8

Psychosexual Stages

Answer 8

Developmental periods children pass through during which the ids pleasure seeking energies are focused on different exogenous zones - oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

Question 9

Oedipus Complex

Answer 9

Boys in the phallic stage develop a collection of feelings - center sexual attraction to the mother and resentment of the father

Question 10

Identification

Answer 10

Child’s superego develops and incorporates the parents values
Freud saw this as crucial, not only resolution of the Oedipus complex, but also to the development of gender identity

Question 11

Fixate

Answer 11

When development becomes arrested, due to unresolved conflicts, in an immature psychosexual stage

Question 12

Defense Mechanisms

Answer 12

Certain specific means by which the ego unconsciously protects itself against unpleasant impulses or circumstances

Question 13

Repression

Answer 13

Banishes anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from the unconscious

Question 14

Personality

Answer 14

An individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

Question 14

Regression

Answer 14

Where a person faced with anxiety reverts to a less mature pattern of behavior

Question 16

Reaction Formation

Answer 16

The ego converts unacceptable impulses into their opposites

Question 17

Projection

Answer 17

When people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others

Question 18

Rationalization

Answer 18

Offers self justifying explanations in the place of the real, more threatening unconscious, reasons for ones actions

Question 19

Displacement

Answer 19

In which a sexual or aggressive impulse is shifted to a more acceptable object other than one they originally aroused the impulse

Question 20

Alfred Alder

Answer 20

Came up with the inferiority complex

Denounced Freud’s view on children’s sexuality in favor of society’s influence

Question 21

Karen Horney

Answer 21

Believed social, not sexual tensions are crucial to personality formation
Believed women have ‘penis envy’ and weak superegos
Childhood anxiety triggers desire for love and security

Question 22

Carl Jung

Answer 22

Collective unconscious and archetypes

Question 23

Collective Unconscious

Answer 23

Jung’s concept of an inherited unconscious shared by all people deriving from our species history

Question 24

Projective Tests

Answer 24

Such as the TAT and Rorschach present ambiguous stimuli onto which people supposedly project their own feelings

Question 25

TAT

Answer 25

Thematic apperception test

A projective test that consists of ambiguous pictures about which people asked to make up stories

Question 26

Rorschach Inkblot Test

Answer 26

The most widely used projective test, consists of 10 inkblots that people are asked to interpret