Chapter 15 Part One Flashcards
Sigmund Freud
Focused on the unconscious and childhood experiences in determining our personality
Free Association
The Freudian technique in which the person is encouraged to say whatever comes to mind as a means of exploring the unconscious
Psychoanalysis
The treatment of psychological disorders by seeking to expose and interpret the tensions within a patients unconscious, using methods like free association
Unconscious
The part of the mind that contains material of which we are unaware but that strongly influences our behavior
Id
The unconscious system of personality with basic sexual and aggressive drives, that supplies psychic energy to seasonality - Devil
Ego
The unconscious division of personality that attempts to mediate between the demands of the id, superego and reality - umpire
Superego
The division of personality that contains the conscience and develops by incorporating the perceived moral standards of society - angel
Psychosexual Stages
Developmental periods children pass through during which the ids pleasure seeking energies are focused on different exogenous zones - oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
Oedipus Complex
Boys in the phallic stage develop a collection of feelings - center sexual attraction to the mother and resentment of the father
Identification
Child’s superego develops and incorporates the parents values
Freud saw this as crucial, not only resolution of the Oedipus complex, but also to the development of gender identity
Fixate
When development becomes arrested, due to unresolved conflicts, in an immature psychosexual stage
Defense Mechanisms
Certain specific means by which the ego unconsciously protects itself against unpleasant impulses or circumstances
Repression
Banishes anxiety arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from the unconscious
Personality
An individual’s characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting
Regression
Where a person faced with anxiety reverts to a less mature pattern of behavior
Reaction Formation
The ego converts unacceptable impulses into their opposites
Projection
When people disguise their own threatening impulses by attributing them to others
Rationalization
Offers self justifying explanations in the place of the real, more threatening unconscious, reasons for ones actions
Displacement
In which a sexual or aggressive impulse is shifted to a more acceptable object other than one they originally aroused the impulse
Alfred Alder
Came up with the inferiority complex
Denounced Freud’s view on children’s sexuality in favor of society’s influence
Karen Horney
Believed social, not sexual tensions are crucial to personality formation
Believed women have ‘penis envy’ and weak superegos
Childhood anxiety triggers desire for love and security
Carl Jung
Collective unconscious and archetypes
Collective Unconscious
Jung’s concept of an inherited unconscious shared by all people deriving from our species history
Projective Tests
Such as the TAT and Rorschach present ambiguous stimuli onto which people supposedly project their own feelings
