Chapter 8 Part One

Question 1

Associative Learning

Answer 1

Certain events occur together

Question 2

Classical Conditioning

Answer 2

Stimulus learned to trigger a response

Question 3

Behaviorism

Answer 3

The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies only behaviors

Question 4

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 4

Russian psychologist - salivating dog experiment

Question 5

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

Answer 5

Stimulus that naturally triggers an unconditioned response

Question 6

Unconditioned Response (UR)

Answer 6

Unlearned involuntary response to US

Question 7

Learning

Answer 7

Relatively permanent change in an organism behavior due to experience

Question 8

Neutral Stimulus (NS)

Answer 8

Stimulus that does not have an affect

Question 9

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Answer 9

Originally neutral that becomes a CR after association with unconditioned stimulus

Question 10

Conditioned Response (CR)

Answer 10

Learned response to CS resulting from acquired association with US

Question 11

Acquisition

Answer 11

Initial stage of conditioning where new response is established and gradually strengthened

Question 12

Extinction

Answer 12

Weakening of a CR when the CS is no longer followed by the US - response is no longer reinforced

Question 13

Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 13

Reappeared of an extinguished CR after a rest period

Question 14

Generalization

Answer 14

Stimuli similar to original CS to evoke a similar response

Question 15

Discrimination

Answer 15

Respond differently to similar stimuli

Ability to distinguish between 2 stimuli

Question 16

John Garcia

Answer 16

Given credit to coining taste aversion

Question 17

Taste Aversion

Answer 17

One time because response is so strong - avoiding food after an illness

Question 18

Operant Conditioning

Answer 18

Learning where behavior is strengthened with a reinforcer and diminished with a punisher

Question 19

Respondent Behavior

Answer 19

Automatic response to some stimuli

Question 20

B.F. Skinner

Answer 20

Associated with operant behavior
Used rats in Skinner box
Most controversial psychologist

Question 21

Edward L. Thorndike

Answer 21

Known for hugs Law of Effect

Used a puzzle box

Question 22

Law of Effect

Answer 22

Proposed by Thorndike

Behavior followed by favorable consequences were more likely to occur again and vice versa

Question 23

Operant Chamber

Answer 23

Also known as a Skinner Box

Experiment chamber for operant conditioning

Question 24

Shaping

Answer 24

Establishing a new response by reinforcing successive behaviors
Rewarding a dog as he is taught a new trick step by step