Chapter 2 Part One

Question 1

Biological Psychology

Answer 1

Study links between biology and behavior

Question 2

Neuron

Answer 2

Nerve cell

Basic building block

Question 3

Dendrite

Answer 3

Cell body of receiving neuron

Dendrites listen

Question 4

Axon

Answer 4

Extension of a neuron
Sends impulses to other neurons
Axons speak

Question 5

Myelin Sheath

Answer 5

Layer of fatty tissue around axon
Speeds up impulses
When myelin sheath degenerates it causes multiple sclerosis

Question 6

Action Potential

Answer 6

Neural impulse generated by movement of positively charged atoms in and out of axons membrane

Question 7

Threshold

Answer 7

Level of stimulation must be exceeded for reaction to fire

Question 8

Synapse

Answer 8

Junction between sending and receiving ends on a neuron

Question 9

Neurotransmitters

Answer 9

Chemicals released into synaptic gap that send messages

Question 10

Acetylcholine (Ach)

Answer 10

Neurotransmitter that enables learning, memory, and muscle contractions
If something goes wrong it leads to Alzheimer’s

Question 11

Dopamine

Answer 11

Neurotransmitter that influences emotion, movement, learning, attention
Lots=schizophrenia
Little=Parkinson’s

Question 12

Serotonin

Answer 12

Affects mood, hunger, sleep, arousal

Can lead to depression if one has too little

Question 13

Endorphins

Answer 13

Neural opiate like transmitter that is linked to pain control

Question 14

Nervous System

Answer 14

Speedy electrical communication system with PNS and CNS

Question 15

Central Nervous System

Answer 15

Brain and spinal cord system

Question 16

Peripheral Nervous System

Answer 16

Sensory and motor skills system

Connects CNS to outside nerves

Question 17

Nerves

Answer 17

Bundles of neural axons

Part of PNS that connects to CNS

Question 18

Sensory Neurons

Answer 18

Carry info from sensory receptors to CNS for processing

Question 19

Motor Neurons

Answer 19

Carry info and instructions for action from CNS to muscles and glands

Question 20

Interneurons

Answer 20

Neurons of the CNS that link the sensory and motor neurons in transmission of sensory inputs and motor outputs

Question 21

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 21

Division of PNS that enables voluntary control over skeletal muscles

Question 22

Autonomic Nervous System

Answer 22

Controls involuntary muscles of organs for survival

Question 23

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 23

Mobilizing energy in stressful situations

Question 24

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 24

Calms body to conserve energy

Question 25

Reflex

Answer 25

Inborn response to stimulus | Simple neural pathway

Question 26

Lesion

Answer 26

Destruction of tissue | In the brain usually

Question 27

Neural Network

Answer 27

Interconnected neural cells | Strengthened as learning continues

Question 28

Endocrine System

Answer 28

Body's slower chemical system | Hormones

Question 29

Hormones

Answer 29

Chemical messengers in bloodstream with targets | Some can mimic neurotransmitters and usually last longer

Question 30

Adrenal Glands

Answer 30

Produces Epinephrine(adrenaline) and norepinephrine(noradrenaline) hormones that prepare the body for fight or flight

Question 31

Pituitary Glands

Answer 31

Under the influence of the hypothalamus Regulates growth and controls other glands Master gland

Question 32

EEG

Answer 32

Amplified recording of electrical activity and waves in brain

Question 33

PET Scan

Answer 33

Measures levels of brain activity by tracing glucose

Question 34

MRI

Answer 34

Generates clear images of the brain

Question 35

fMRI

Answer 35

Scans that reveal blood flow and function/anatomy

Question 36

Phrenology

Answer 36

``` Study of shape and size of cranium Determines personality (not true) ```