Chapter 15 Part Two Flashcards
Humanistic Perspective
Approach to psychology that emphasizes empathy and stresses the good in human behavior Looks at self-actualization How to reach full potential of self Self esteem Affiliation - need to belong or fit in
Abraham Maslow
Maslow’s Hierarch of needs
Humanistic perspective - self-actualization
Self-Actualization
The process of fulfilling ones potential and becoming spontaneous, loving, creative, and self accepting
Top of the hierarchy of needs
Carl Rogers
Believed that in order for self actualization to occur, three conditions were required: genuineness, acceptance, and empathy
Unconditional Positive Regard
According to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance towards a person
Self-Concept
Ones personal awareness of “who I am”
Trait Perspective
Approach to the study of human personality
Trait theorists are primarily interested in the measurement of traits, which can be defined as habitual patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion
Traits
Are people’s characteristic patterns of behavior
Gordon Allport
Defined personality in terms of identifiable behavior patterns - he only wanted to identify… Not explain
Factor Analysis
The statistical procedure used to identify clusters of traits that go together
Personality Inventories
Associated with the trait perspective, are questionnaires used to assess personality traits
MMPI
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
With 10 clinical scales - the most widely used personality inventory
Empirically Derived
One developed by testing many items to see which near distinguished between groups of interest
The Big Five
CANOE - conscientiousness, aggreableness, neuroticism, openness, extraversion
Social-Cognitive Perspective
View that people learn by watching others
Personality in terms of how a person thinks about and responds to one’s social environment
Reciprocal Determinism
The interaction between personality and environmental factors - three different things exchange
Personal Control
Refers to a person’s sense of controlling the environment
External Locus of Control
The perception that ones fate is determined by forces not under personal control
Internal Locus of Control
Perception that to a great extent, one controls ones own destiny
Martin Seligman
Pioneer of positive psychology
Learned Helplessness
The passive designation and perceived lack of control that a person or animal develops from repeated exposure to inescapable aversive events
Positive Psychology
According to Martin Seligman, focusing on positive emotions, character virtues such as creativity and compassion, and healthy families and neighborhoods - optimal human functioning
Spotlight Effect
The tendency of people to overestimate the extent to which other people are noticing and evaluating them
Self-Esteem
Refers to an individual’s sense of self worth
