Chapter 15 Part Two

Question 1

Humanistic Perspective

Answer 1

Approach to psychology that emphasizes empathy and stresses the good in human behavior
Looks at self-actualization
How to reach full potential of self
Self esteem 
Affiliation - need to belong or fit in

Question 2

Abraham Maslow

Answer 2

Maslow’s Hierarch of needs

Humanistic perspective - self-actualization

Question 3

Self-Actualization

Answer 3

The process of fulfilling ones potential and becoming spontaneous, loving, creative, and self accepting
Top of the hierarchy of needs

Question 4

Carl Rogers

Answer 4

Believed that in order for self actualization to occur, three conditions were required: genuineness, acceptance, and empathy

Question 5

Unconditional Positive Regard

Answer 5

According to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance towards a person

Question 6

Self-Concept

Answer 6

Ones personal awareness of “who I am”

Question 7

Trait Perspective

Answer 7

Approach to the study of human personality
Trait theorists are primarily interested in the measurement of traits, which can be defined as habitual patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion

Question 8

Traits

Answer 8

Are people’s characteristic patterns of behavior

Question 9

Gordon Allport

Answer 9

Defined personality in terms of identifiable behavior patterns - he only wanted to identify… Not explain

Question 10

Factor Analysis

Answer 10

The statistical procedure used to identify clusters of traits that go together

Question 11

Personality Inventories

Answer 11

Associated with the trait perspective, are questionnaires used to assess personality traits

Question 12

MMPI

Answer 12

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

With 10 clinical scales - the most widely used personality inventory

Question 13

Empirically Derived

Answer 13

One developed by testing many items to see which near distinguished between groups of interest

Question 14

The Big Five

Answer 14

CANOE - conscientiousness, aggreableness, neuroticism, openness, extraversion

Question 15

Social-Cognitive Perspective

Answer 15

View that people learn by watching others

Personality in terms of how a person thinks about and responds to one’s social environment

Question 16

Reciprocal Determinism

Answer 16

The interaction between personality and environmental factors - three different things exchange

Question 17

Personal Control

Answer 17

Refers to a person’s sense of controlling the environment

Question 18

External Locus of Control

Answer 18

The perception that ones fate is determined by forces not under personal control

Question 19

Internal Locus of Control

Answer 19

Perception that to a great extent, one controls ones own destiny

Question 20

Martin Seligman

Answer 20

Pioneer of positive psychology

Question 21

Learned Helplessness

Answer 21

The passive designation and perceived lack of control that a person or animal develops from repeated exposure to inescapable aversive events

Question 22

Positive Psychology

Answer 22

According to Martin Seligman, focusing on positive emotions, character virtues such as creativity and compassion, and healthy families and neighborhoods - optimal human functioning

Question 23

Spotlight Effect

Answer 23

The tendency of people to overestimate the extent to which other people are noticing and evaluating them

Question 24

Self-Esteem

Answer 24

Refers to an individual’s sense of self worth

Question 25

Self-Serving Bias

Answer 25

The tendency to perceive oneself favorably