Chapter 4 Part Two Flashcards
Critical Period
The time shortly after birth during which an organism must be exposed to certain experiences or influences if it is to develop properly
Imprinting
The process by which certain animals form attachments during a limited critical period early in life
Basic Trust
A sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy - infants think this is caregiving needs are met
Self-Concept
A person’s sense of identity and personal worth
Authoritarian Parents
Parents dictate rules and expect obedience
Permissive Parents
Make a few demands and tend to submit to the wishes of their children
Authoritative Parents
Parents set and enforce rules after discussion with children
Adolescence
Life stage from puberty to independent adulthood
Puberty
The earliest period of adolescence - now capable of reproduction
Primary Sex Traits
Bodily structures for reproduction
Secondary Sex Traits
Not reproductive sexual characteristics , breasts, body hair, deep voices
Lawrence Kohlberg
He described the development of moral reasoning
Preconventional Morality
During this stage of character development, children obey either to avoid punishment or to gain concrete rewards
Before age nine
Menarche
The first menstrual period
Spermarche
The first ejaculation
Erik Erikson
He created an eight stage theory that helped explain development from birth to death (psychological development)
Identity
One’s sense of self
Intimacy
Ability to establish close, loving relationships
Menopause
When menstruation stops in the late forties or fifties. Signals end of reproductive years
Alzheimer’s Disease
A progressive and irreversible brain disorder caused by deterioration of neurons that produce Ach. Loss of memory, reasoning, physical functioning
Cross-sectional Study
People of different ages compared to each other
Longitudinal Study
The same people are tested and retested over a period of years
Crystallized Intelligence
Refers to aspects of intellectual ability, such as vocabulary and general knowledge, that reflect accumulated learning. Increases with age
Fluid Intelligence
Refers to a person’s ability to reason speedily and abstractly. Declines with age
