Chapter 4 Part Two

Question 1

Critical Period

Answer 1

The time shortly after birth during which an organism must be exposed to certain experiences or influences if it is to develop properly

Question 2

Imprinting

Answer 2

The process by which certain animals form attachments during a limited critical period early in life

Question 3

Basic Trust

Answer 3

A sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy - infants think this is caregiving needs are met

Question 4

Self-Concept

Answer 4

A person’s sense of identity and personal worth

Question 5

Authoritarian Parents

Answer 5

Parents dictate rules and expect obedience

Question 6

Permissive Parents

Answer 6

Make a few demands and tend to submit to the wishes of their children

Question 7

Authoritative Parents

Answer 7

Parents set and enforce rules after discussion with children

Question 8

Adolescence

Answer 8

Life stage from puberty to independent adulthood

Question 9

Puberty

Answer 9

The earliest period of adolescence - now capable of reproduction

Question 10

Primary Sex Traits

Answer 10

Bodily structures for reproduction

Question 11

Secondary Sex Traits

Answer 11

Not reproductive sexual characteristics , breasts, body hair, deep voices

Question 12

Lawrence Kohlberg

Answer 12

He described the development of moral reasoning

Question 13

Preconventional Morality

Answer 13

During this stage of character development, children obey either to avoid punishment or to gain concrete rewards
Before age nine

Question 14

Menarche

Answer 14

The first menstrual period

Question 15

Spermarche

Answer 15

The first ejaculation

Question 16

Erik Erikson

Answer 16

He created an eight stage theory that helped explain development from birth to death (psychological development)

Question 17

Identity

Answer 17

One’s sense of self

Question 18

Intimacy

Answer 18

Ability to establish close, loving relationships

Question 19

Menopause

Answer 19

When menstruation stops in the late forties or fifties. Signals end of reproductive years

Question 20

Alzheimer’s Disease

Answer 20

A progressive and irreversible brain disorder caused by deterioration of neurons that produce Ach. Loss of memory, reasoning, physical functioning

Question 21

Cross-sectional Study

Answer 21

People of different ages compared to each other

Question 22

Longitudinal Study

Answer 22

The same people are tested and retested over a period of years

Question 23

Crystallized Intelligence

Answer 23

Refers to aspects of intellectual ability, such as vocabulary and general knowledge, that reflect accumulated learning. Increases with age

Question 24

Fluid Intelligence

Answer 24

Refers to a person’s ability to reason speedily and abstractly. Declines with age

Question 25

Social Clock

Answer 25

Refers to culturally preferred timing of social events, like leaving home, marrying, having kids, and retiring