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AP Psych > Prologue: Basics of Psychology > Flashcards

Prologue: Basics of Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychology

A

Science of behavior and mental processes

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2
Q

Cognitive neuroscience

A

Inter-disciplinary study of brain activity linked with cognition(including perception, thinking, memory, and language)

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3
Q

Nature vs. Nurture

A

Controversy over the contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors. Modern science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of both nature and nurture

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4
Q

Natural Selection

A

The principle that among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction/survival will most likely be passed on

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5
Q

Levels of Analysis

A

Differing complementary views, from biological, psychological, and social-cultural used for analyzing any phenomenon

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6
Q

Bio-psycho-social Approach

A

An integrated approach that incorporates bio, psycho, and social-cultural levels of analysis

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7
Q

Basic Research

A

Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

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8
Q

Applied Research

A

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

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9
Q

Counseling Psychology

A

A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often relating to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being

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10
Q

Clinical PSychology

A

A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

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11
Q

Psychiatry

A

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who some times provide medical treatments as well as psychological therapy

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12
Q

Positive Psychology

A

Scientific study of human functioning, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths/virtues that help people and communities to thrive

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13
Q

Behaviorism

A

Idea that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes. Most research psychologists agree with the first part by not the second part

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14
Q

Community Pscyhology

A

A branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

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15
Q

Humanistic Psychology

A

Historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth of potentially healthy people and the individual’s potential for personal growth

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16
Q

Psychology’s Roots

A

The beginning of psychology, starting with philosophy, biology, and religion.

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17
Q

Atoms of the Mind

A

The original experiment Wilhelm Wundt performed in 1879 in the first psychology lab, in order to find study mental functions/processes and their efficiency

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18
Q

Introspection

A

The psychological practice of patients thinking about their mental processes and emotions in order to gain a deeper understanding of themselves and for psychologist to learn. Proved incredibly unreliable due to the variety of backgrounds people have that influence their answers

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19
Q

Structuralism

A

The belief that psychology should be processed/learned about through introspection (known as a school)

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20
Q

Functionalism

A

The school of thought which believes in psychology through an evolutionary, biological, and behavioral lens in order to study people and try to provide answers to questions. Much more reliable and popular than structuralism/introspection

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21
Q

APA

A

American Psychological Association, Mary Whiton Calkin was President of it in 1905

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22
Q

The Animal Mind

A

Margaret Floy Washburn’s psychology book which had great impact on psychology of the day- closer gender equality

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23
Q

Principles of Psychology

A

The 12 years in the making book (published in 1890) by William James that was one of the greatest and most helpful resources to teach the public psychology (first psych textbook)

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24
Q

Cognitive Psychology

A

The study of mental processes, especially in regards to external stimuli/information

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25
Q

Cognitive Revolution

A

A shift in psychology to have greater focus on the brain and its functions, occurring in the 1960s and thus applying it to psychological studies/branches

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26
Q

Behaviors

A

The actions displayed by any living thing that can be seen, heard, and documented

27
Q

Mental Processes

A

Internal actions (documented by behaviors) that the brain does to interpret an organism’s surroundings

28
Q

Philosophy

A

The questioning of life in an attempt to find the way and meaning of human life/purpose

29
Q

Biology

A

The study of living organisms and their interactions with the environment

30
Q

Charles Darwin

A

A famous English Scientist who traveled to Guatemala and after this travel proposed the theory of evolution and natural selection

31
Q

The Origin of Species

A

The book by Charles Darwin which explains his theory of evolution and natural selection

32
Q

Psychobiology

A

The study of how the mind influences the body and the body’s reactions to the mind

33
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

The study of of the mind at different points in a person’s life (milestones)

34
Q

Neuropsychology

A

The study of the brain and how it influences the mind, specifically with chemicals and emotions

35
Q

Social Psychology

A

The study of how people interact in social situations in comparison to small groups/alone- also in response to authority

36
Q

Personality Psychology

A

The study of people’s personalities, common traits in most people, and what effects people’s personalities

37
Q

Cultural Psychology

A

How cultural values and beliefs influence behaviors and mental processes/perceptions

38
Q

Health Psychology

A

How one’s physical health and behaviors are influenced by their minds

39
Q

Educational Psychology

A

The study of learning and learning behaviors (Ivan Pavlov)

40
Q

School Psychology

A

The combination of several types of psychology to help children succeed in school both intellectually and emotionally

41
Q

Experimental Psychology

A

Psychology in which experiments are performed in order to gain knowledge in all aspects of psychology

42
Q

Rehabilitation Psychology

A

The study of how to improve the daily lives of people with severe issues

43
Q

Sports Psychology

A

Study of how sports are impacted by genes/the mind and vice versa (influenced by anatomy/sports related science)

44
Q

Environmental Psychology

A

The study of how the environment one lives in effects their behaviors and perceptions

45
Q

Industrial/Organizational Psycology

A

Implementing helpful work methods for employees that encourage hard work while also aiding in increasing company production and functioning

46
Q

Ergonomist

A

A person who uses science to ensure all the needs of people are met and that they can use safe equipment

47
Q

Psychometrician

A

Someone who creates tests to measure varying aspects of psychology (IQ, etc.)

48
Q

Forensic Psychologist

A

Study of crime scenes and forensic evidence in order to solve crimes

49
Q

Psycholinguistics

A

Study of the brain and how it relates to language, especially how we form and gain the skill to listen and talk

50
Q

Dualism

A

Belief that your body is entirely separate from your mind (Body vs. Soul)

51
Q

Monism

A

Body and mind are same entity (Dying is just dying)

52
Q

Father of Psychology

A

Title given to Wilhelm Wundt due to his founding of the first psychology lab and experiment

53
Q

Psycholhistory

A

How historical events are influenced by psychology (Hitler=crazy?) [NEVER A CORRECT ANSWER, COMPLETELY FAKE]

54
Q

Psycholinguist

A

A psychologist who studies language and studies its crossroads with other studies

55
Q

Psychoceramics

A

A humorous term coined by Josiah S. Carberry in 1929 as “cracked pots” with its meaning [Just a joking term/a joke itself]

56
Q

Gestalt Psychology

A

Study of how we notice certain things and not others despite all the randomness

57
Q

Psychoanalytic Theory

A

Freud’s theory of unconscious desires fueled by childhood events that drive our actions/motives

58
Q

Psychodynamic Theory

A

A theory which states that there are levels of consciousness which express beliefs differently

59
Q

Ethics

A

A philosophical belief/topic that discusses the difference between good and bad

60
Q

Allele 334

A

An allele which theoretically predicts the fidelity of a man who does or doesn’t carry it (Will he cheat or not)

61
Q

Phenomenology

A

How people consciously experience things and how it affects their behaviors

62
Q

Engineering Psychologist

A

Similar to humanistic psychology, except it is with machines in order to make them as effective as possible

63
Q

Eclectic Approach

A

A way of psychological treatment that combines multiple treatments/ideas to meet an individual’s needs

64
Q

Phrenology

A

Study of bumps/dents/shape on and of the skull and how that influences personality

AP Psych (17 decks)

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