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AP Psych > Chapter 3: Consciousness > Flashcards

Chapter 3: Consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

consciousness

A

Being aware of your surroundings and yourself

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2
Q

Behaviorism

A

Study of behavior and how it reflects psychology

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3
Q

Neuroscience

A

Study of the brain and how it functions biologically

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4
Q

Hypnosis

A

Process by which one sees suggestion to convince others that a behavior, feeling, or thought will occur

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5
Q

Cognition

A

Mental processes that are what makes/creates more intelligence through external senses and stimulation

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6
Q

Levels of Consciousness

A

Similar to the iceberg model, shows how we react to stimuli or not- consciousness, preconscious, unconscious, nonconscious

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7
Q

Subconscious

A

Part of consciousness that processes stimuli without us knowing and also containing our internal desires and/or ideas that we don’t know about

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8
Q

Altered States of Consciousness

A

States of being where we don’t fit the definition of consciousness, such as sleep, hypnosis, and drug using

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9
Q

Biological Clock

A

Our internal clock that controls our internal state (energies, hormones, etc.) AKA Circadian Rythms

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10
Q

Annual Cycles

A

Occurrences/cycles that repeat each year

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11
Q

Seasonal Effective Disorder

A

Depression/mood shifts in winter, mainly due to diet and lack of vitamin D

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12
Q

28 Day Cycle

A

A series of events that repeats after 28 days AKA the menstrual cycle

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13
Q

Menstrual Cycle

A

28 day cycle where a woman’s uterine lining and egg is released

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14
Q

PMS

A

Hormones that are released as a result of the ovaries releasing an egg

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15
Q

24 hour cycle

A

Circadian Rhythms, or events that repeat every 24 hours

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16
Q

90 Minute Cycle

A

Occurs during sleep (sleep pattern), length of REM

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17
Q

Stages of Sleep

A

NREM 1-3(4) and REM w/ different functions of each stage

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18
Q

Circadian Rhythms

A

Our internal clock that regulates our peaks and lows over a 25 hour cycle

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19
Q

Jet Lag

A

Sleepiness and discomfort as a result of being shifted into a different time zone while not having an adjusted circadian rhythm

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20
Q

Pineal Gland

A

Stimulated by suprachiasmatic nucleus to produce melatonin

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21
Q

Melatonin

A

Hormone that is released to induce sleep

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22
Q

Neurotransmitter

A

Chemical Messenger

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23
Q

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

A

Part of the hypothalamus that controls sleep/pineal gland

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24
Q

Sunday Night Insomnia

A

When people can’t go to sleep on time on Sunday due to having stayed up late nearly all weekend

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25
Q

Monday Morning Blues

A

Feeling poor Monday Morning due to lack of proper sleep

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26
Q

REM

A

Rapid Eye Movement, paradoxical sleep, body twitches some but mainly relaxed as the mind has dreams- once every sleep cycle, body still active

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27
Q

EEG Scans

A

Scans of electric activity in the brain during sleep to see what and how much of the brain is active during sleep and its different parts

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28
Q

Alpha Waves

A

Slow and relaxed brain waves while one is awake

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29
Q

Sleep

A

Necessary process/loss of consciousness from which we can come back (Not a coma)

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30
Q

PET Scan

A

Scan of the brain to see what parts of it are active during sleep stages

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31
Q

Sleep Spindles

A

Short bursts of brain activity during NREM 2

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32
Q

Morning Erection

A

When a man awakens and has an erection due to having an arousing REM dream

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33
Q

Erectile Disorder

A

Issues with maintaining/getting an erection despite getting a “morning erection”

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34
Q

Sleep Debt

A

Losing sleep over the course of multiple nights and having to make up for it all one night later

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35
Q

Randy Gardner

A

Holds the world record for staying awake the longest without stimulants

36
Q

Adenosine

A

Drug to treat irregular heartbeat

37
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Gland that controls all other glands (including the pineal gland)

38
Q

Sleep Disorders

A

Disorders that interfere with sleep acquired by a person

39
Q

Insomnia

A

Inability to fall/stay asleep

40
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Falling asleep suddenly (into REM) as a result of strong emotions or situations

41
Q

Sleep Apnea

A

When someone stops breathing during sleep, wakes up as a result, and then falls asleep

42
Q

Hypocretin

A

Neurotransmitter involved in alertness

43
Q

Night Terrors

A

Not remembering acting terrified/aroused during NREM 3 and experiencing something similar to a nightmare (2-3 hours post sleep)

44
Q

Dreams

A

Images, emotions, and thoughts that occur during sleep, causing hallucination images that are sometimes improbable and delusion in one’s acceptance, and they are hard to remember- during REM

45
Q

Nightmare

A

A terrifying dream during REM making it differ from a night-terror

46
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Believed dreams are our suppressed desires

47
Q

Manifest Content

A

What happens (the plot) of the dream

48
Q

Latent Conent

A

The drives/unfulfilled wishes present in the dream through symbolic elements

49
Q

The Interpretation of Dreams

A

Book by Freud stating how he believed dreams were all of our unconscious desires

50
Q

Information Processing Theory

A

Idea that the purpose of dreams is to help us store our memories

51
Q

Activation-Synthesis Theory

A

Our brain produces static, thus causing us to remember things which we make into stories to make sense of them

52
Q

REM Rebound

A

After sleep with drawl, we go straight into REM sleep and for a longer amount of time

53
Q

Hypnotic State

A

Someone in the state of being hypnotized, doing things without remembering

54
Q

Posthypnotic Amnesia

A

Not remembering what happened during a hypnotic session

55
Q

Anton Mesmer

A

One of the first to start hypnotic medicine under a different name- Animal magnetic and magnetic fluid

56
Q

Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale

A

Help with why hypnotism works and how susceptible a person is to it

57
Q

Hypnotic Susceptibility

A

How open to being hypnotized someone is, differs depending on what is being asked

58
Q

Posthypnotic Suggestion

A

A suggestion that is carried out when a person is out of the hypnotized state, can be used to regulate behaviors or other things

59
Q

Dissociation

A

How and when a person becomes detached from consciousness- physical and emotional (split in consciousness where thoughts and behaviors occur

60
Q

Social Influence Theory

A

Idea that people under hypnosis are caught up in an act and are influenced by social authority

61
Q

Divided Consciousness

A

Idea that hypnotized people are that way due to their subconscious being the test subject and obeying the command

62
Q

Ernest Hilgard

A

Stanford Psychologist who looked into hypnosis as a pain controller

63
Q

Hidden Observer

A

How aware a hypnotized person is of their emotions and feelings like pain

64
Q

Psychoactive Drugs

A

Chemicals that change the perception or feelings of the user

65
Q

Tolerance

A

Regular use of a drug causes less effects, more of drug need for some effects

66
Q

Neuroadaptation

A

Change in brain chemistry as a result of regular drug use

67
Q

Withdrawal

A

Stopping drug use and experiencing unlikable symptoms

68
Q

Physical Dependence

A

Need to take a dug due to experiencing withdrawal symptoms

69
Q

Psychological Dependence

A

Need to do drugs due to a need to relieve a negative psych problem

70
Q

Depressants

A

Drugs that slow neural activity thus reducing the functions of the body (Opiates, alcohol, barbiturates)

71
Q

Stimulants

A

Drugs that increase neural activity and functions of the body (make them faster)

72
Q

Hallucinogens

A

Drugs that cause sensational images and alter one’s viewpoint

73
Q

Amphetamines

A

Drugs that increase neural activity and functions of the body, increased mood and energy

74
Q

Cocaine

A

Stimulates aggression and increases reactions

75
Q

MDMA

A

Another name for ecstasy

76
Q

Psychodelic Drugs

A

Drugs that change mind, perception, and senses- manipulates brain into sensing what’s not there

77
Q

LSD

A

Another name for acid

78
Q

Acid Trip

A

When someones uses LSD, creates strong, sensory images- lots of emotions, like near death experiences

79
Q

THC

A

Delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol used in marijuana for its effects

80
Q

Alcohol

A

Drug as a dis-inhibitor that slows body motions and the overall mental functioning

81
Q

Heroin

A

An opiate that slows nervous system and creates a peaceful moment

82
Q

Caffine

A

In coffee, speeds up brain, thus elevating one’s mood and functioning

83
Q

Methamphetamine

A

Stimulates CNS, speeds up functioning, energy, and mood by stopping production of dopamine

84
Q

Ecstasy

A

Synthetic, more intimacy, long term risk= less serotonin and poor mod/intelligence, short=health

85
Q

Marijuana

A

Mild hallucinogen that relaxes the body and makes it more susceptible to stimulated imagery

86
Q

Near-Death Experience

A

Hallucinations after being close to death, altered conscious, memories and exaggerated physical sensations

AP Psych (17 decks)

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