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AP Psych > Chapter 5: Development Through The Lifespan > Flashcards

Chapter 5: Development Through The Lifespan Flashcards

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1
Q

Moral Dilemma

A

A conflict in which you have to choose between two or more actions and have moral reasons for choosing each action

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2
Q

Moral Intuition

A

Ethical intuition is our awareness of value and knowledge of evaluative facts, that form the foundation of ethical knowledge

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3
Q

Preconvential Morality

A

An acceptance of society’s convention concerning right and wrong, at this level an individual will obey the rules even when there is no consequence, and to gain rewards

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4
Q

Conventional Morality

A

An acceptance of society’s conventions concerning right and wrong, at this level a person will uphold laws and rules to gain social approval and maintain social order

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5
Q

Post Conventional Morality

A

Based on abstract reasoning, and actions that reflect belief in basic rights and self defined ethical principles

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6
Q

Teleological Theories

A

Leave out the dimension of the moral judgement of an action

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7
Q

Deontological Theories

A

Making decisions that deny that consequences are of any concern

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8
Q

Psychosocial Task

A

The crisis in each stage of life that needs resolution

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9
Q

Search for Identity

A

The quest to find one’s self during adolescence

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10
Q

Identity

A

The sense of who you are as a person

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11
Q

Social Identity

A

Who you are when you are with different groups of people

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12
Q

Competence

A

The ability to do a task successfully

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13
Q

Inferiority

A

The condition of being lower in status or quality than someone else

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14
Q

Isolation

A

To remain apart from others

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15
Q

Adolescence

A

The years spent morphing from child to adult, starting with physical beginnings of sexual maturity and ends with the social achievement of independent adult status

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16
Q

Puberty

A

The period of sexual maturation, during which a person becomes capable of reproducing (Around 11 for girls, 13 for boys)

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17
Q

Primary Sex Characteristics

A

The body structures (ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible

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18
Q

Secondary Sex Characteristics

A

Non-reproductive sexual characteristics (breasts, hips, voice tone, body hair)

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19
Q

Menarche

A

The first menstrual period

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20
Q

Morality

A

Discerning right from wrong

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21
Q

Moral Action

A

Doing, feeling, thinking, and feeling the right thing

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22
Q

Social Identity

A

The ‘we’ aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to ‘who am I’ that comes from group membership

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23
Q

Intimay

A

In Erikson’s theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary development task in late adolescence and early adulthood

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24
Q

Emerging Adulthood

A

For some people in modern cultures, a period from the late teens to mid-twenties, bridging the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence and responsible adulthood

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25
Q

Sensorimotor Stage

A

In Piaget’s theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities

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26
Q

Object Permanence

A

The awareness that things continue to exist even when not percieved

27
Q

Egocentrism

A

In Piaget’s theory, the preoperational child’s difficulty taking another’s point of view

28
Q

Preoperational Stage

A

In Piaget’s theory, the stage (from about 2 to 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operation of concrete logic

29
Q

Conservation

A

The principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects

30
Q

Theory of the Mind

A

People’s ideas about their own and other’s mental sates- about their feelings, perceptions, thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict

31
Q

Concrete Operational Stage

A

In Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events

32
Q

Formal Operational Stage

A

In Piaget’s theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts

33
Q

Autism

A

A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others’ states of mind

34
Q

Cognitive Development

A

Among the areas of cognitive development are information processing, intelligence, reasoning, language development, and memory. Cognitive development is the construction of thought processes, including remembering, problem solving, and decision-making, from childhood through adolescence to adulthood

35
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

The study of psychology that involves studying physical, cognitive, and social change over time

36
Q

Zygote

A

The fertilized egg. First stage in pregnancy

37
Q

Embryo

A

The stage that takes place between two weeks and two months after fertilization. This slightly resembles a human

38
Q

Fetus

A

This stage looks like a formed human. The baby is in this stage from nine weeks after conception until birth

39
Q

Placenta

A

Life-link that transfers nutrients and oxygen from mother to embryo. Made up of the outer cells

40
Q

Teratogens

A

Chemicals and viruses that reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm

41
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

A

Abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking

42
Q

Habituation

A

Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation

43
Q

Epigenetic Effect

A

Leaves chemical marks on DNA that switch genes abnormally on or off

44
Q

Early Adulthood

A

Stage of adulthood from age 20’s to 30’s when people are at a peak in learning and memory

45
Q

Middle Adulthood

A

Stage of adulthood from early adulthood to age 65 when people begin to feel the decline physically and cognitively

46
Q

Late Adulthood

A

Stage of adulthood from age 65 onward where people start feeling the effects of death and care more about raising the next generation

47
Q

Menopause

A

When the menstrual cycles of women end around age 50

48
Q

Telomeres

A

Tips of chromosomes that wear down over time

49
Q

Death-deferral Phenomenon

A

More people die right after reaching a major milestone such as Christmas or a birthday

50
Q

Dementia

A

A series of strokes, a brain tumor, or alcohol dependence causing the brain to erode emotionally

51
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease

A

A disease that first causes memory to deteriorate at first and then later reasoning

52
Q

Prospective Memory

A

Memory used to remember things in the future

53
Q

Longitudinal Study

A

Studies done where the same people are tested and retested over a long period of time

54
Q

Cross-sectional Study

A

A study that compares people of different ages

55
Q

Terminal Decline

A

the decline in cognition in people in the last few years of their life

56
Q

Mdilife Transition

A

The transition of people into middle adulthood when they realize that their life is mostly behind them instead of ahead of them

57
Q

Social Clock

A

The varying ‘right time’ to do things such as leave home ,marry, or retire in different eras and cultures

58
Q

Sandwich Generation

A

The generation of people who have to simultaneously support children/grandchildren and aging parents

59
Q

Chance Events

A

Events such as romantic attraction that happen by chance and change your life

60
Q

Monogamous Pairing

A

when parents stay together and raise their children together

61
Q

Generativity

A

The concern of people to guide and raise the next generation developed in middle adulthood

62
Q

Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi and Reed Larson

A

Performed a study that compared the emotional levels of different generations and found that older people have moods that are less extreme and more enduring than teenagers who get over mood such as gloom in less than an hour

63
Q

Bereavement Therapy

A

Also known as grief therapy, given to people dealing with loss

64
Q

Sense of Integrity

A

The feeling that one’s life has been meaningful and worthwhile

AP Psych (17 decks)

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