Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders Flashcards
Attention-Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD)
A psychological disorder marked by the appearance by age 7 of one or more of three key symptoms: extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
Psychological Disorder
Deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional patterns of thoughts, feelings, or behaviors
Medical Model
The concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and, in most cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital
DSM-IV-TR
The American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, with an updated ‘text revision’ a widely used system for classifying psychological disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Psychological disorders characterized by distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors that reduce anxiety
Generalized Anxiety Disorders
An anxiety disorder in which a person is continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic nervous system arousal
Panic Disorder
An anxiety disorder marked by unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of intense dread in which a person experiences terror and accompanying chest pain, choking,or other frightening sensations
Phobia
An anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object, activity, or situation
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and/or actions (compulsions)
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
An anxiety disorder characterized by haunting memories, nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpy anxiety, and/or insomnia that lingers for four weeks or more after a traumatic experience
Post-Traumatic Growth
Positive psychological changes as a result of struggling with extremely challenging circumstances and life crises
Mood Disorders
Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes. See major depressive disorder, mania, and bipolar disorder
Major Depressive Disorder
A mood disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods or diminished interest or pleasure in most activities, along with at least four other symptoms
Mania
A mood disorder marked by a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state
Bipolar Disorder
A mood disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania (Formerly called manic-depressive disorder)