Prologue 1-16 Flashcards
Socrates
The mind is separable from the body and continues after the body dies.
Knowledge is innate - born within us.
Psychology
The scientific study of behavior and mental processes
Plato
Socrates’ student.
Principles from logic.
Aristotle
The soul is NOT separable from the body.
Knowledge is NOT pre-existing, you learn.
Careful observations.
Rene Descartes
Father of modern philosophy.
Agreed with Socrates and Plato.
Studied animal spirits and nerves.
Abnormal behavior caused by abnormalities in the brain.
Francis Bacon
Scientific Method.
Father of modern science.
Drawing knowledge from natural world through experimentation, observation, and testing a hypothesis.
John Locke
At birth- the mind is a Blank Slate or White Paper.
Formed empiricism -
Empiricism
The view that knowledge comes from experience via the senses.
Science flourishes through observation and experimentation.
Wilhelm Wundt
Established the first psychology laboratory at the university of Leipzig, Germany.
Structuralism
An early school of psychology that used Introspection to explore the elemental structure of the human mind.
Edward Titchener
William Wundt’s student.
Introduced Structuralism to U.S. – Used introspection to search for the minds structural elements.
Opened first lab in U.S. , Cornell University.
Introspection
Looking In.
Studying Yourself.
Self - Reflective.
Functionalism
A school of psychology that focused on how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organisms to adapt, survive and flourish.
William James
Mentored Calkins.
One of the first U.S. psychologists.
Developed Funtionalism.
Wrote “Principles of Psychology”
Mary Calkins
Became a pioneering memory researcher and first woman American Psychological Association President. (APA)
Margaret Floy Washburn
The first woman to receive a psychology P.h.D.
Synthesized animal behavior research in “the animal mind”
Nature - Nurture Issue
Controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make the development of psychological traits and behaviors.
Natural Selection
Those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations.
Levels of Analysis
The differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon.
Evolutionary Perspective
How the natural selections traits promotes the perpetuation of ones genes.
Behavior Genetics Perspective
How much our genes and our environment influence our individual differences.
Neuroscience Perspective
How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences.
Basic Research
Pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base.
Applied Research
Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems.
Biological Scientists
Looking at biological state of body and how it influences behavior.
(brain, genetics, etc.)
Developmental Psychologists
Human development across the life span.
Child development ➡️ Adolescence ➡️ Adulthood ➡️ Old Age
Cognitive Psychologists
Higher mental processes➡️memory, reasoning, info processing, language, problem solving, decision making and creativity.
Personality Psychologist
Describing and understanding individuals consistency in behavior, which represents their personality.
Factors that shape personality.
Social Psychologist
Interpersonal behavior and the role of social forces in governing behavior.
Attitude formation, attitude change, prejudice, conformity, attraction, aggression.
Counseling Psychology
Assisting people with problems in living.
School, work, marriage.
Achieving greater well being.
Clinical Psychology
Studies, assesses and treats people with psychological disorders.
(diagnosis, emotional problems)
Psychiatry
Medicine dealing with psychological disorders, practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (drugs) treatments as well as psychological therapy.
