Chapter 4- Development Flashcards

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0
Q

Zygote

A

The fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo.

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1
Q

Developmental Psychology

A

A branch of psychology that studies, physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.

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2
Q

Embryo

A

The developing human organism from 9 weeks from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month.

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3
Q

Fetus

A

The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception and birth.

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4
Q

Teratogens

A

Agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm.

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5
Q

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

A

Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman’s heavy drinking.

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6
Q

Rooting Reflex

A

A baby’s tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward the touch, open the mouth and search for the nipple.

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7
Q

Habituation

A

Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation.

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8
Q

Maturation

A

Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behavior, relatively uninfluenced by experience.

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9
Q

Jean Piaget

A

Revolutionized our understanding of children’s minds

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10
Q

Schemas

A

A concept or framework that organizes and interprets information.

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11
Q

Assimilation

A

Interpreting ones new experience in terms of ones existing Schemas.

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12
Q

Accommodation

A

Adapting ones current understanding (Schemas) to incorporate new information.

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13
Q

Cognition

A

All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering and communication.

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14
Q

Sensorimotor Stage

A

The stage from birth to about 2 years of age during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities.

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15
Q

Object Permanence

A

The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

16
Q

Preoperational Stage

A

The stage from about 2 to 6 or 7 during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic

17
Q

Conservation

A

The belief that properties such as mass, volume and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects

18
Q

Egocentrism

A

The Preoperational Childs difficulty taking another’s point of view

19
Q

Theory of mind

A

Peoples ideas about their own and others mental states - about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts and the behavior these might predict.

20
Q

Autism

A

A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others states of mind

21
Q

Concrete Operational Stage

A

Stage of cognitive development (6/7 to 11 years) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events.

22
Q

Formal Operational Stage

A

Stage of cognitive development (age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts.

23
Q

Harry Harlow

A

Attachment

24
Q

Stranger Anxiety

A

The fear of strangers that infants commonly display beginning by about 8 months of age

25
Q

Mary Ainsworth

A

Attachment differences

Insecure vs Secure

26
Q

Attachment

A

An emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation

27
Q

Secure Attachment

A

Comfort

Mom leaves - they explore

28
Q

Insecure Attachment

A

Distress

Mom leaves - they cry