Chapter 8 First Half Flashcards

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0
Q

Associative Learning

A

Learning that certain events occur together.

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1
Q

Learning

A

A relatively permanent change on a behavior due to experience

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2
Q

Classical Conditioning

A

A type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli.

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3
Q

Behaviorism

A

The view that psychology 1 should be an objective science that 2 studies behavior without reference to mental processes.

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4
Q

Ivan Pavlov

A

Classical Conditioning

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5
Q

Unconditioned Stimulus (US)

A

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally, naturally Ann’s automatically triggers a response

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6
Q

Unconditioned Response (UR)

A

In classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the Unconditioned Stimulus (US) such as salvation when food is in the mouth

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7
Q

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

A

In classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after associating with an Unconditioned Stimulus (US), triggers a conditioned response

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8
Q

Conditioned Response (CR)

A

In classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral but now conditioned stimulus (CS)

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9
Q

Acquisition

A

The pairing of the US and the NS so the NS comes to elicit the CR

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10
Q

Taste Aversion

A

Acquisition only takes one time because the response is so strong

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11
Q

Extinction

A

The weakening of the CR in the absence of the US

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12
Q

Spontaneous Recovery

A

The reappearance after a pause of an extinguished conditioned response

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13
Q

Generalization

A

The tendency of a new stimulus that is similar to the original stimulus to elicit a response that is similar to the CR

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14
Q

Discrimination

A

Learning to respond to certain stimuli and not others

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15
Q

John Garcia

A

Challenged that any associations can be learned equally well

16
Q

Operant Conditioning

A

Type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher

17
Q

Respondent Behavior

A

Behavior that operates on the environment producing consequences

18
Q

Operant Behavior

A

Behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus

19
Q

B.F. Skinner

A

Operant Chamber

20
Q

Edward L Thorndike

A

Law of effect

21
Q

Law of Effect

A

Rewarded behavior is likely to recur

22
Q

Operant Chamber

A

Skinner box. Containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water enforcer

23
Q

Shaping

A

Reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximation of the desired behavior

24
Q

Successive Approximation

A

The successful method of shaping