Chapter 11 Flashcards
Reification
Viewing an abstract, immaterial concept as if it were a concrete thing.
Intelligence
Mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.
Factor Analysis
A statistical procedure that identifies clusters as related items (called factors) on a test.
Charles Spearman
Helped develop factor analysis
General Intellegence
A general intelligence factor that according to Spearman and others that underlies specific mental abilities and is measured by every task on an intelligence test.
L.L. Thurstone
Rejected the g-factor
Howard Gardner
Stated that people have specific intellectual potentials, or “intelligences” (8)
Savant Syndrome
A condition in which a person otherwise limited in a mental ability has an exceptional specific skill such as in computation or drawing.
Robert Sternberg
Triarchic theory distinguishes three intelligences; analytical intelligence, creative intelligence, and practical intelligence.
Emotional Intelligence
The ability to perceive, understand, manage and use emotions.
Creativity
The ability to produce novel and valuable ideas.
Intelligence Tests
A method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others; using numerical scores.
Alfred Binet
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Mental Age
A measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet
Lewis Terman
Stanford university prof. Revised Binet’s original IQ test by establishing new age norms.
Stanford-Binet
The widely used American revision (by Terman) of Binet’s original intelligence test.
Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
Ration of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100
Aptitude Tests
A test designed to predict a persons future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn.
Achievement Tests
A test designed to assess what a person has learned.
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
Most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (non-verbal) subtests.
Standardization
Defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretended standardization group.
The Flynn Effect
Intelligence tests performance has been improving
Normal Curve
The symmetrical bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes.
Reliability
The extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores.
Validity
The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to do.
Content Validity
The extent to which a test samples the behavior it is designed to predict.
Criterion
The behavior (such as future college grades) that a test (SAT) is designed to predict.
Predictive Validity
The success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict.
Down Syndrome
A condition of retardation and associates physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in ones genetic make up.
Mental Retardation
A condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below
Stereotype Threat
A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype.
