Chapter 6 Perception

Question 0

Selective Attention

Answer 0

The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus, as in the cocktail party effect.

Question 1

Perception

Answer 1

The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.

Question 2

Cocktail Party Effect

Answer 2

Is your ability to attend only one voice among many

Question 3

Inattentional Blindness

Answer 3

The failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere.

Question 4

Change Blindness

Answer 4

Inattentional blindness (gorilla / girls / passing ball)

Question 5

Change Deafness

Answer 5

You fail to notice a certain sound, because your focus is elsewhere.

Question 6

Choice Blindness

Answer 6

You fail to notice a change in the choice that you made.

Ex: showing which faces are attractive then switching them

Question 7

Choice-Blindness Blindness

Answer 7

A blindness to the phenomena of choice blindness.

Question 8

Pop-out Phenomenon

Answer 8

Stimuli that is so distinct that it demands our attention.

Question 9

Illusions

Answer 9

Reveal the ways that we normally organize or interpret our sensations.

Question 10

Visual Capture

Answer 10

The tendency for vision to dominate the other senses.

Question 11

Gestalt

Answer 11

An organized whole - psychologists emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of info into meaningful wholes.

Question 12

Figure-Ground

Answer 12

The organization of the visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground).

Question 13

Grouping

Answer 13

The perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups.

Question 14

Proximity

Answer 14

We group nearby objects together. We see not 6 separate lines, but 3 sets of 2 lines.

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Question 15

Similarity

Answer 15

We group together figures that are similar to each other.

Question 16

Continuity

Answer 16

We perceive smooth, continuous patterns rather than discontinuous ones.

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Question 17

Connectedness

Answer 17

We perceive the 2 dots and the line between them as a single unit. ⚫️–⚫️ ⚫️—⚫️ ⚫️—⚫️

Question 18

Depth Perception

Answer 18

The ability to see objects in 3 dimensions although the images that strike the retina are 2 dimentional, allow us to judge distance.

Question 19

Visual Cliff

Answer 19

A lab device used for testing depth perception in infants and young animals.

Question 20

Binocular Cues

Answer 20

Depth cues, such as retinal disparity and convergence, that depend on the use of 2 eyes.

Question 21

Retinal Disparity

Answer 21

The brain computes distance - the greater the disparity (distance) between the 2 images, the closer the object.

Question 22

Convergence

Answer 22

A binocular cue for perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes move inward when looking at an object.

Question 23

Monocular Cue

Answer 23

Depth cues, such as interposition and linear percepective, available to either eye alone.

Question 24

Relative Size

Answer 24

In judging distance, the one that casts the smaller retinal image is perceived as further away.

Question 25

Interposition

Answer 25

If one object partially blocks our view of another, we perceive it as closer.

Question 26

Relative Clarity

Answer 26

We perceive hazy objects as farther away than sharp, clear objects.

Ex: car in fog/snow

Question 27

Texture Gradient

Answer 27

A gradual change from a coarse, distinct texture to a fine, indistinct texture signals increasing distance.

Question 28

Relative Height

Answer 28

We perceive objects higher in our field of vision as farther away.

Question 29

Relative Motion

Answer 29

As we move, objects that are actually stable may appear to move.

Ex: On a bus looking at a house

Question 30

Linear Perspective

Answer 30

Parallel lines, such as railroad tracks appear to converge with distance.

Question 31

Light and Shadow

Answer 31

Nearby objects reflect more light to our eyes.

Question 32

Phi Phenomenon

Answer 32

An illusion of movement when 2 or more adjacent lines blink on and off in quick succession.

Question 33

Stroboscopic Effect

Answer 33

Continuous movement in a rapid series of slightly varying images.

Question 34

Perceptual Constancy

Answer 34

Perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent lightness, color, shape & size) even as illumination and retinal images changes.

Question 35

Perceptual Adaptation

Answer 35

In vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field.

Question 36

Perceptual Set

Answer 36

A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another.

Question 37

Human Factors Psychologists

Answer 37

Branch of psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use.

Question 38

Extrasensory Perception

Answer 38

The controversial Claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input.

Question 39

Parapsychology

Answer 39

The study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis.

Question 40

Schemas

Answer 40

Concepts that organize and interpret unfamiliar information.