Chapter 6 Perception Flashcards

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0
Q

Selective Attention

A

The focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus, as in the cocktail party effect.

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1
Q

Perception

A

The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information, enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and events.

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2
Q

Cocktail Party Effect

A

Is your ability to attend only one voice among many

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3
Q

Inattentional Blindness

A

The failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere.

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4
Q

Change Blindness

A

Inattentional blindness (gorilla / girls / passing ball)

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5
Q

Change Deafness

A

You fail to notice a certain sound, because your focus is elsewhere.

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6
Q

Choice Blindness

A

You fail to notice a change in the choice that you made.

Ex: showing which faces are attractive then switching them

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7
Q

Choice-Blindness Blindness

A

A blindness to the phenomena of choice blindness.

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8
Q

Pop-out Phenomenon

A

Stimuli that is so distinct that it demands our attention.

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9
Q

Illusions

A

Reveal the ways that we normally organize or interpret our sensations.

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10
Q

Visual Capture

A

The tendency for vision to dominate the other senses.

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11
Q

Gestalt

A

An organized whole - psychologists emphasized our tendency to integrate pieces of info into meaningful wholes.

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12
Q

Figure-Ground

A

The organization of the visual field into objects (figures) that stand out from their surroundings (ground).

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13
Q

Grouping

A

The perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups.

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14
Q

Proximity

A

We group nearby objects together. We see not 6 separate lines, but 3 sets of 2 lines.

|| || ||

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15
Q

Similarity

A

We group together figures that are similar to each other.

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16
Q

Continuity

A

We perceive smooth, continuous patterns rather than discontinuous ones.

—〰—〰—〰

17
Q

Connectedness

A

We perceive the 2 dots and the line between them as a single unit. ⚫️–⚫️ ⚫️—⚫️ ⚫️—⚫️

18
Q

Depth Perception

A

The ability to see objects in 3 dimensions although the images that strike the retina are 2 dimentional, allow us to judge distance.

19
Q

Visual Cliff

A

A lab device used for testing depth perception in infants and young animals.

20
Q

Binocular Cues

A

Depth cues, such as retinal disparity and convergence, that depend on the use of 2 eyes.

21
Q

Retinal Disparity

A

The brain computes distance - the greater the disparity (distance) between the 2 images, the closer the object.

22
Q

Convergence

A

A binocular cue for perceiving depth; the extent to which the eyes move inward when looking at an object.

23
Q

Monocular Cue

A

Depth cues, such as interposition and linear percepective, available to either eye alone.

24
Q

Relative Size

A

In judging distance, the one that casts the smaller retinal image is perceived as further away.

25
Q

Interposition

A

If one object partially blocks our view of another, we perceive it as closer.

26
Q

Relative Clarity

A

We perceive hazy objects as farther away than sharp, clear objects.

Ex: car in fog/snow

27
Q

Texture Gradient

A

A gradual change from a coarse, distinct texture to a fine, indistinct texture signals increasing distance.

28
Q

Relative Height

A

We perceive objects higher in our field of vision as farther away.

29
Q

Relative Motion

A

As we move, objects that are actually stable may appear to move.

Ex: On a bus looking at a house

30
Q

Linear Perspective

A

Parallel lines, such as railroad tracks appear to converge with distance.

31
Q

Light and Shadow

A

Nearby objects reflect more light to our eyes.

32
Q

Phi Phenomenon

A

An illusion of movement when 2 or more adjacent lines blink on and off in quick succession.

33
Q

Stroboscopic Effect

A

Continuous movement in a rapid series of slightly varying images.

34
Q

Perceptual Constancy

A

Perceiving objects as unchanging (having consistent lightness, color, shape & size) even as illumination and retinal images changes.

35
Q

Perceptual Adaptation

A

In vision, the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field.

36
Q

Perceptual Set

A

A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not another.

37
Q

Human Factors Psychologists

A

Branch of psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use.

38
Q

Extrasensory Perception

A

The controversial Claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input.

39
Q

Parapsychology

A

The study of paranormal phenomena, including ESP and psychokinesis.

40
Q

Schemas

A

Concepts that organize and interpret unfamiliar information.