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Geography > Progress Check Hydro Cycle Amd > Flashcards

Progress Check Hydro Cycle Amd Flashcards

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1
Q

Why is carbon useful for humans ?

A

Plants use it to grow
Crude oil - for plastic
Cars
Power _ coal and fossil fuels

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2
Q

Which processes take carbon in from the atmosphere .

A

Photosynthesis
Dissolving into the ocean

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3
Q

Which processes real ease carbon into the atmosphere .

A

Respiration
Decomposition
Volcanic eruption

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4
Q

Which process transfers carbon from the ocean into the lithosphere

A

Sedimentation into rock

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5
Q

Is there any overlap between the carbon cycle and hydrological cycle .

A

Water necessary fro photosynthesis
Oceans important store for water and carbon

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6
Q

How is carbon stored in the atmosphere .

A

Stored as the gas carbon dioxide
766 billions of metric tons

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7
Q

How is carbon stored in the biosphere ?

A

Stored as organic molecules in living anda dead plants and animals
Stored in the soil as organic matter from plant material

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8
Q

How is carbon stored in the oceans ?

A

Stored as dissolved carbon dioxide but also as calcium carbonate in the shells of Marie. Life which can fall to the sea floor

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9
Q

How is carbon stored in the lithosphere ?

A

Stored as fossil fuels and also in sedimentary rocks such as limestone and chalk

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10
Q

Why is carbon found in all living things ?

A

All cells contain proteins fat and carbohydrate molecules
These all contain carbon atoms

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11
Q

What is the carbon cycle ?

A

Movement of carbon between stores

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12
Q

What is the conc of co2 in the atmosphere +

A

<4 parts per 10,000

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13
Q

Why are green plants important ?

A

Remove co2 in the atmosphere and they make complex molecules

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14
Q

Why are microorganisms important ?

A

Decompose dead organic matter

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15
Q

How is carbon released back into the atmosphere ?

A

Burning wood and fossil fuels
Respiration in cells

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16
Q

What are some processes in the fast carbon cycle ?

A

Photosynthesis
Respiration
Decomposition
Respiration by de composers
Respiration by phytoplankton

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17
Q

What are some processes in the slow carbon cycle ?

A

Dissolve into oceans
Upwelling
Downweling
Sinking se creatures
Sedimentation
Dissolving and decay
Fossilisation
Weathering
Volcanic eruptio

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18
Q

How long does it take for carbon atoms to move through the slow carbon cycle ?

A

100-200 million years

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19
Q

Why is rainfall slightly acidic ?

A

Carbón dioxide combines with water vapour to form carbonic acid

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20
Q

What does acidic rain do to rocks ?

A

Reacts with minerals in the rock , causing chemical weathering

21
Q

How does carbon end up in the ocean ?

A

Absorb carbon directly from the atmosphere
Washed down stream into rivers , lakes and oceans

22
Q

What are shells and skeletons of marine creatures made of ?

A

CaCO3

23
Q

How do sea creatures turn into rocks ?

A

Sink to the bottom of sea floor and build up in layers
Layers compact , sedimentation M turns into rock

24
Q

What is sequestrian ?

A

If organic carbon gets trapped in between the layers , it makes fossil fuels

25
Q

How does carbon sequestered in rocks eventually return to the atmosphere ?

A

Volcanic eruptions at subduction zones at a destructive boundary

26
Q

Name the acid formed when co2 dissolves in rainwater

A

Weak carbonic acid

27
Q

Why has acidity of ocean surface water increased ?

A

Rising concentration of co2 in the atmosphere due to anthropogenic emissions , have increased the acidity of rainfall

28
Q

How much carbon is transferred by weathering ?

A

0.3 billion tonnes

29
Q

What is the carbonation equation ?

A

Calcium carbonate +carbonic acid -> calcium bicarbonate

30
Q

How does freeze thaw weathering affect chemical weathering ?

A

Increases the surface area exposed to a chemical attack

31
Q

How many times faster is the fast carbon cycle compared to the slow cycle ?

A

100 to 1000 times

32
Q

What do plants produce when they photosynthesis?

A

Carbohydrastes like glucose
Oxygen as a by product

33
Q

Name the organism in the ocean that can photosynthesis ?

A

Phytoplankton

34
Q

Why is respiration important?

A

Releases carbon back to the atmosphere

35
Q

What is released during decomposition.

A

Co2
Methane

36
Q

Name another way that carbon is released back to the atmosphere ?

A

Fire - combustion

37
Q

How much carbon is cycled through the fast carbon cycle every year ?

A

Between 1,000 million and 100,000 million metric tonnes

38
Q

Why is there so much carbon in peat ?

A

There’s no oxygen
Cos they are water logged or saturated so there’s no 02 for decomposition

39
Q

What could happen to peat bogs as the earth warms ?

A

Could decompose microorganisms
They could dry out which would release more carbon

40
Q

Where do surface oceans transport dissolved co2 ?

A

Poleward

41
Q

What happens to cooled ocean water ?

A

Becomes more dense and skins

42
Q

Where in the world does downwelling occur ?

A

One of the places is the North Atlantic between Greenland and Iceland

43
Q

How long might carbon molecules remain in the deep ocean ?

A

For centuries

44
Q

How long does the fats carbon cycle take ?

A

Minutes and hours

45
Q

How long does the slow carbon cycle take ?

A

150 million years

46
Q

What percentage of global water is found in the atmosphere ?

A

0.001%

47
Q

What is the name of the lowest portion of the earths atmosphere ?

A

Troposphere

48
Q

What is the average environmental lapse rate .

A

6 degrees for every 1000 M in height

Geography (21 decks)

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