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CSMP Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a place ?

A

space that has been given meaning by an individuals lived experience.

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2
Q

What is a space ?

A

location that can be given a latitude and a longitude

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3
Q

what are some socio-economic characteristics ?

A

poverty
education
literacy rates
fam size
average income
types of jobs
healthcare

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4
Q

what are political characteristics ?

A

political system, effectiveness of local authorities, democracy , monarch.

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5
Q

what are some cultural characteristics ?

A

religion
local traditions
culture
local clubs
societies

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6
Q

what are demographic characteristics ?

A

total pop
ethnicities
age structure
gender

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7
Q

what are physical characteristics ?

A

geology
topography
drainage
climate
rivers
coasts
relief
aspect
altitudes

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8
Q

what is the built environment ?

A

age and style of buildings
housing density
housing quality
landmarks
historic buildings

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9
Q

how does religion impact perception of place ?

A

natural landscape = sacred to religious people (e.g. uluru for australian aboriginal)
Places of pilgrimage = ascared temples - mecca

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10
Q

How do we understand place ?

A

location
locale - shaped by people, culture
sense of place - personal feelings
lived experience - actual feelings and personal history of living in place

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11
Q

how do emotions influence attachments of a place ?

A

social and personal experience - positive expereimces = attribute a strong emotional attachment.

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12
Q

what effects how people percieve a place ?

A

gender
religion
age
sexuality
role

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13
Q

how does age affect perception of place ?

A

people move thru life cycle
e.g. park - 4yo - exciting place to play , 80yo place to take grandchildren
place will change over time

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14
Q

how does gender effect perception of place ?

A

refelction of societys views on gender roles - patriarchal - home associated with females.
geography of fear - New Dehli - women avoid dangerous , dark areas. Molestation reported every 2 hrs
Rape reported every 4 hrs

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15
Q

how does sexuality effect perception of place ?

A

London, Brighton + Bristol - large concentrations of LGBTQ+ communities
‘Pink Pound’ - brings economic benefits - catalyst for regeneration

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16
Q

how does role effect perception of place ?

A

influences perceptions of fear, anxiety and security.

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17
Q

What countries do the kurds live in ?

A

Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey

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18
Q

how many kurds are there ?

A

28-30 million

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19
Q

what is the GDP of kurds ?

A

$4,452

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20
Q

what is the unemployment rates of kurds ?

A

14%

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21
Q

what is the kurdish economy based on ?

A

oil and agriculture

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22
Q

What is the PKK ?

A

Kurdish Worker’s Party - using armed conflict to bring about a Kurdish nation

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23
Q

What is the Erubil Citadel ?

A
  • Kurdish settlement built progressively on top of itself - symbol of national pride - shows how long they’ve been there for
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24
Q

What is globalisation ?

A

increasing inter-connectdness and interdependance of the world, economically , socially , politically and culturally.

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25
Q

what is time space compression ?

A

set of processes leading to a ‘shrinking world’ caused by reduction in relative distamce between places

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26
Q

what is a global village ?

A

world has become more interconnected , so feel smaller - achieved by social media, tech and transport

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27
Q

what are the advantages of time space compression ?

A

improved communications and internet
facilitated the growth of tertiary and quaternary industries
rapid flow of info across national and international borders
improved transport
ease of low cost travel
increased variety of currency worldwide

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28
Q

what are the disadvantages of time space compression ?

A

lots of distinct cultures
erodes aspects of cultural identity
less able to access foreign cultures thru travel
high streets becoming similar
increased competition between traders
increasing property prices

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29
Q

Which country has benefited from time-space compression ?

A

VIETNAM - rapid growth - 8-10% per year well educated low cost workforce
30 new industiral parks

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30
Q

what are the formal representations of data ?

A

geospatial data - census data - every 10 years
limited to its availability to indicate the lived experience of a place

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31
Q

what are informal representations of data ?

A

media, tv, films, music , art, photos, literature

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32
Q

what is rural urban migration ?

A

moving from rural to urban areas

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33
Q

what is counter urbanisation ?

A

movement of people and businesses from towns and cities to rural areas

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34
Q

what is sub urbanisation ?

A

movement of people from inner city areas to the suburbs of towns and cities , leading to growth of suburbs and the extension of urban areas

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35
Q

what is intra urban migration ?

A

pop movement within urban areas

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36
Q

what is gentrification ?

A

movement of people and businesses back to the CBD and inner city due to redevelopment and regeneration

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37
Q

what is social inequality ?

A

differences in qual of life and SOL due to inequal distribution of a range of social factors , such as income, education and health

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38
Q

what is SOL standard of living ?

A

ability to access services and goods (water, food, clothes, housing and personal mobilituy).

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39
Q

what is quality of life ?

A

extent to which peoples needs and desires are met

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40
Q

what are social indicators of QOL AND SOL ?

A

incidence of crime
fear of crime
% on free school meals
standard to education
% on state benefits

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41
Q

what are physical indicatiors of QOL and SOL ?

A

qual of housing
air pollutioj
noise pollution
litter
graffiti
vandalism

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42
Q

What are economic indicators of QOL and SOL ?

A

access to leisure services
open spaces#level of income
employment rates

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43
Q

what are the political indicators of QOL and SOL ?

A

% voting in election
political participation

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44
Q

how many people are in poverty in UK ?

A

13 million

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45
Q

What italian businesses were there in Ancoats ?

A

Castarellis- Instrument maker
Granellis - Ice cram served in glass which was licked clean - contributed to Cholera

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46
Q

What was the first steam powered mill in Ancoats ?

A

Piccadilly Mill 1789 Peter Dinkwater built it

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47
Q

What is St Peters Church Now ?

A

Home of Halle Orchestra

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48
Q

How many people did the murray complex employ ?

A

1,300 people

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49
Q

What was the population of Ancoats in 1801 compared to 1861 ?

A

11,038
55,983

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50
Q

How did the industrial revolution affect work in Ancoats ?

A

Production y skilled workers in their own homes was replaced by mass production in facotries with machines.

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51
Q

In 1840’s Ancoats, how many irish people lived in 200 houses ?

A

4,000

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52
Q

How were the irish treated in Ancoats ?

A

paid less
disease
danger jobs
worst housing

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53
Q

What improved in Ancoats in 1970s ?

A

public transport- so people could commute
people paid more so moved to richer areas

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54
Q

What were ancoats houses like in 1800s ?

A

2-3 storey, terraced, 1 toilet between 30 families
55% of houses had no plumbing

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55
Q

What are the natural characteristics of Ancoats ?

A

mainly flat land
Rochdale Canal

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56
Q

when did rochdale canal open ?

A

1804

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57
Q

What is the pop of ancoats?

A

16,141

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58
Q

what is the mean age of ancoats ?

A

33

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59
Q

what languages are spoken in ancoats ?

A

english
chinese
polish

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60
Q

why did the pop in ancoats decline in 1891 ?

A

The mills - italians formed tight nit community and turned jesery street into little italy

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61
Q

what percentage of ancoats are economically active ?

A

60

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62
Q

what percentage of ancoats are in bad health ?

A

7

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63
Q

what percent of ancoats are one person households ?

A

41%

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64
Q

who orignially owned Hawkshead ?

A

monks of Furness Abbey

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65
Q

what is the pop of hawkshead ?

A

1,704

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66
Q

what is the mean age of Hawksehad ?

A

49

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67
Q

what percent of hawkshead are economically active ?

A

75%

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68
Q

what percent of hawkshead is in bad health ?

A

3%

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69
Q

what percent of hawkshead is one person households ?

A

36%

70
Q

when was hawkshead granted its first charter ?

A

1608

71
Q

when was hawksehad grammar school built ?

A

1585

72
Q

what formed in 1951 ?

A

LAKE DISTRICT NATIONAL PARK

73
Q

What is the Gini coefficent ?

A

measures income inequality within a country

74
Q

how does wealth impact variations in social inequality ?

A

low incomes linked to ill-health, low -literacy rates and poor access to services due to lack of disposable income

75
Q

how does housing impact variations in social inequality ?

A

smaller the income, less choice of housing
urbanisation forces people into slums

76
Q

how does health impact variations in social inequality ?

A

healthier food = more expensive
medical distribution , postcode lottery

77
Q

what is deindustrialisation ?

A

absolute or relative decline in the importance of manufacturing in the economy of a country

78
Q

what are the social impacts of deindustrialisation ?

A

unemployment
out migration of skilled workers
increased crime

79
Q

what are the economic impacts of deindustrialisation ??

A

businesses reduce workforce, less skilled workforce

80
Q

what are the environmental impacts of deindustrialisation ?

A

abadnoned + derelict buildings attract crimes, polluted land and waterways , increased vandalism , flytipping

81
Q

what are the positives of gentrification ?

A

more investment
refurbished housing
decrease in crime
renovation
boost local economy
more tax renevue

82
Q

what are the negatives of gentrification ?

A

communities forced out
divides within communities
old buildings demolished

83
Q

who benefits the most from booms ?

A

tech innovation is not evenly distributed
core regions benefit most from economic growth

84
Q

what is the case study for a place which has benefited the most from globalisation ?

A

Silicon Valley

85
Q

what is silicon valley ?

A

insutrial area around southern shores of san fransisco bay in cali

86
Q

what types of businesses are in silicon valley ?

A

standford uni
high conc of tech companies developed from mid 20th century
lots of start up businesses
law firms specialising in patent and copyright law

87
Q

how much do the production line workers at silicon valley get paid ?

A

not more than minimum wage

88
Q

what risks do workers have in silicon valley ?

A

exposure to toxic chemicals which pose health risks

89
Q

who are the majority of the workforce at silicon valley ?

A

female workers from Asia or Latin America

90
Q

who benefits at silicon valley ?

A

high standards of living - near to san fransisco
desireable place to live - centred on Santa Clara Valley
Benefits to graduates of Stanford Uni - act as a regular supply of skills to reserach businesses

91
Q

who doesn’t benefit from silicon valley ?

A

migrants that have been drawn in due to the employment opportunities are disadvantage
poor working conditions for lower down

92
Q

what are the UK Gov methods to tackle social and economic inequalities ?

A

taxation, subsidies, planning, law and education

93
Q

in 2016 what was the Uk Gov spending ?

A

£760 billion - 3/4 central gov , 1/4 local gov.

94
Q

what is a player ?

A

individual or organisation with an interest or influence in decision, actions or operations

95
Q

What are some public players at international scale ?

A

EU - gives financial support economic development and social inclusion , using structural fund.

96
Q

what is the European social fund ?

A

invests 10 billion euros a uear, aimed at improving job prospects

97
Q

what are national scale public players ?

A

ambassador overseas , strategic planningwh

98
Q

what are public players at local scale ?

A

planning and implementation at a local scale
planning departments
country and district councils - responsible for education , social services, libraries, roads, waste disposal and building control.

99
Q

what are private players ?

A

TNC’s - positive multiplier effect, more development of local area.
NGO’s - can be small or large tend to have particular focus. (e.g. national trust ).

100
Q

What is the pop of Indonesia ?

A

267 million
1/4 largest in world

101
Q

where is jembatan besi located ?

A

4km NorthWest of city centre

102
Q

How many people live in Jembatan Besi ?

A

31,000 people in an area of 0.523 km squared

103
Q

What is the average income at JB ?

A

US$4 a day

104
Q

What is employment like in JB ?

A

lots of self employment

105
Q

What is sanitation like at JB ?

A

few homes have a toilet - tend to flush out into open sewers in the street.
No clean running water.
Epidemics of water borne diseases such as cholera and typhoid.

106
Q

How does the climate impact JB ?

A

Tropic hot + humid climate - malaria big issue

107
Q

what is air pollution like in JB ?

A

very high

108
Q

Why is fire a constant risk at JB ?

A

overcrowding, use of kerosense and improvised nature of electrical wiring.

109
Q

What does the future look like JB ?

A

Jakarta Housing and Administrative Building Agency - idneitfied 392 ‘community units’ that are slum areas planned for improvements

110
Q

Where is Northwood located ?

A

Northern part of Irvine , Orange County, California.

111
Q

What is the population of Northwood ?

A

49,000 people in just under 18,000 households.
1/2 of households are familys with children.

112
Q

What is the median income of Northwood ?

A

US $113,603 a year

113
Q

What is employment like for Northwood ?

A

High tech companies in Irvine - Blizzard Entertainment Broadwork.

114
Q

Which TNC’s have their HQ’s in Irvine ?

A

Kia Motors, Toshiba, Mazda Cooperation.

115
Q

What is air pollution like in Northwood ?

A

Low

116
Q

What are schools like in Northwood ?

A

Best achieving in US
5 schools and several tertiary education facilities

117
Q

What percentage of people in Irvine have masters or doctorates ?

A

20.5%

118
Q

What is crime like in Northwood ?

A

overall crime rate is 61% lower than national average.
56 incidents of violent crime per 100,000 people in Irvine

119
Q

What is the demography like at Northwoodn ?

A

Half white
second most is Asia - most from Vietnam

120
Q

what is the average household size at Northwood ?

A

2.8 people

121
Q

What is the population of Birmingham ?

A

1.1 million residents - second largest UK city

122
Q

What was medieval Birmingham like ?

A

6 streets focused on parish church and the market.
Metal working established

123
Q

what did William Camden say about Birmingham in 1563 ?

A

town was ‘swarming with inhabitants and echoing the noise of anvils’.

124
Q

In the 17,00s what was the pop of bham ?

A

15,000

125
Q

Who was Matthew Boulton ?

A

established the first factory in world 1761 - Soho Manufactory - 700 employees

126
Q

what industries dominated in bham in the 19th century ?

A

gun, jewellery and brass

127
Q

What has the cadbury family got to do with bham?

A

Bourneville - model village - workers on south east outskirts of city

128
Q

What was the Dunlop Tyre Company ?

A

employed 10,000 people by 1950’s.

129
Q

what was the level of unemployment in bham in 1982 ?

A

19.4%

130
Q

What has been the change in industries in bham from 1978 to 2000.

A

1978 -
Construction - 4.6
Transport- 5.2
Metal goods - 28.4
2000-
Construction - 3.4
Transport - 6.4
Metal Goods - 5.8

131
Q

What happened with OPEC ?

A

dominated by Saudi Arabia, used oil supplies as a ‘weapon’.
An embargo on supplies followed and oil price increased about tenfold.

132
Q

What happened in 1970s to do with the british vehicle indusrty ?

A

British Vehicle industry decline
Japanese cars are more reliable and better value for money.
Strikes frequent in 1970’s

133
Q

How has housing developed in Bham ?

A

2nd world war - 5000 houses destroyed in Bham
1950’s - 1960’s - 400 tower blocks built.
1945-1970 = over 81,000 new dwelling were constricted.

134
Q

what is the demography of Bham ?

A

White = 53.1%
Pakistani= 13.5 %
Indian = 6.0%

135
Q

How has the gov impacted regeneration in Bham ?

A

Inward investment for national exhibition centre - attract international conference and exhibition market.

136
Q

How much money did bham get from the EU social investment fund ?

A

£235 million

137
Q

How many uni students are in Bham ?

A

50,000

138
Q

What is the bull ring ?

A

1960s - Europes first major indoor shopping centre - selfridges department store

139
Q

Bham library

A

£189 million investment - houses over 1 million books and have high quality street furniture,

140
Q

What is the role of transport for bham ?

A

Mail railway station , New Street £700 million investment
created an area called grand central - created 1000 jobs
Midland Metro - links central Bham to the west

141
Q

what is HS2 ?

A

£20 billion phase 1 links Ldn to Bham via high speed train - makes it 50 minutes to London

142
Q

What is Hitachi Rail an example of ?

A

Foreign Direct Investment

143
Q

What is Hitachi Rail ?

A

manufacturing plant in Newton Aycliff.
opened Sep 2015
£85 million flow of FDI from Japan to UK.

144
Q

how many people did hitachi rail employ ?

A

700 employed and 6000 jobs in facotry’s supply chain

145
Q

What can poor architecture lead to ?

A

vandalim, crime, poor physical and mental health, lack of community

146
Q

What is an example of cheap housing in Manchester ?

A

Hulme

147
Q

What was housing in Hulme like in 1960s ?

A

1960s- slums of Hulme - replaced by brutalist modern architecture.
construction - fast and low cost - gov attempts to create obs in construction industry by subsiding this build.
high rise modular living with deck access

148
Q

what was issues with housing in Hulme ?

A

cold and damp flats attract vermin.
no sense of community

149
Q

How has Ldn developed to be a 245 hr city ?

A

night bus routes doubled between 1999 and 2013.
Sep 2015 - 5 underground lines started operating 24 hrs durng weekends,
250 licensed premises open after midnight

150
Q

What are 24 hr cities driven by ?

A

more working night shifts + attractions for tourists around the clock

151
Q

What three things does rebranding need to consider ?

A

Brand artefact
Brand essence
Brandscape

152
Q

What is brand artefact ?

A

physical environment
create a new enviro
reuse the existing enviro
remove old enviro

153
Q

what is brand essence?

A

peoples experience of the brand - livign , working , visiting

154
Q

what is brandscape ?

A

comaprison with competitor cities
local, regional, national and international.

155
Q

What is the market led strategy for rebrandign ?

A

private investors aiming to make profit.
Property developers , building + business owners. Gentrification

156
Q

What is top down strategy for rebranding ?

A

large scale organisations such as local authorities , especially their planning departments, development agencies and private investors.

157
Q

what is flagship developemt for rebranding ?

A

large scale, one off property project with distinctive arhcitecture- acts as catalyst to attract further investment and regeneration

158
Q

what is legacy as a rebranding strategy ?

A

following international sporting events which brought invest,ent and regeneration to a place (olympics ldn 2012).

159
Q

what are events and themes in terms of rebranding strategy ?

A

major - those associated with European Capital of Culture - catalyst for cultural development transformation of the city.

160
Q

What are some elements involeved in the rebranding process?

A

architecture
heritage use
retail
arts
sport
food

161
Q

Why did Liverpool need rebranding ?

A

badly hit by 20th century industiral decline
decline in manufacturing by 5-%
80,000 jobs lost between 1972 - 1982 as dock closed.

162
Q

What were the Toxteth riots ?

A

9 days, 450 police officers injured , 500 people arrested , 70 buildings demolished
gived Liverpool bad name and reputation

163
Q

What happened in 1972 at Brunswick Dock ?

A

gates sperating it from mersey, were opened allowing tidal movements and the process of clogging to pollute it with sewage

164
Q

What are the diff strategies for Liverpool’s rebranding ?

A

1980s waterfront regeneration
1990s retail based paradise porject
2008- Eurpoean capital of culture.

165
Q

What is 1980s waterfront rebranding liverpool ?

A

flagship regeneration project opening the dock and waterfront as attraction
Merseyside Cooperation - over £200,000 regenerating Albert Dock. 4million visitors a year

166
Q

what is 1990s retail based rebranding liverpool ?

A

city council - 42 acres of unclean and unproductive land around paradise street - 2002 - ranked 17th as a shopping desitnation i england

167
Q

what is paradise project rebranding liverpool ?

A

Rebrdnaded as Liverpool One - 160 shops,over 1 billion , open space

168
Q

what is the 2008 capital of culture rebranding liverpool ?

A

nearly £4 billion invested in regeneration
boosted economy by £800 million in 2008 alone
15m visitors
7000 cultural events
85% of residents say better place to live than before

169
Q

what are liverpool local players ?

A

lpool city council
driving force behind regeneration building lpool one

170
Q

how can the success of rebranding be assessed ?

A

demographic change
crime stats - should be reduced
retail chanhe
map evidence
chamges in designs of buildings

171
Q

What are the objectives of urban design ?

A
  • attractive and well managed spaces
  • place that is easy to get to and move through
    place with clear image that people can recognise
  • place that can adapt in future
  • place with its own identity
    -clearly designed public and private areas

Geography (21 decks)

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