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Professional Orientation And Ethical Practice Flashcards

1
Q

Which group was most instrumental in opposing counselor licensure?

A

Psychologists. They were seen as wanting a monopoly on nonmedical mental health services.

(c)

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2
Q

What organization was formed by the AACD (now ACA) in 1982 to focus on professional credentialing?

A

The National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC).

(b)

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3
Q

What does passing the NCE grant a counselor via the NBCC?

A

The NCC, a generic certification for counselors.

(a)

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4
Q

Which scenario would most likely violate the ‘scope of practice’ in counseling ethics?

A

A counselor conducting a strict Freudian psychoanalysis with the client without proper training.

(d)

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5
Q

What do ethical guidelines in counseling describe?

A

Standards of conduct imposed by the ACA and NBCC.

(c)

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6
Q

What are most ethical dilemmas in counseling related to?

A

Confidentiality.

(a)

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7
Q

What legal duty was highlighted in the landmark Tarasoff case?

A

The duty to warn a client in imminent danger.

(c)

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8
Q

If a counselor reveals information damaging to a client’s reputation, they could be accused of what?

A

Defamation.

(d)

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9
Q

What do state laws not govern regarding counseling practice?

A

Accreditation.

(a)

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10
Q

What could be an exception to confidentiality in counseling?

A

All of the above: repeated jokes about suicide, giving away prized possessions after depression, a detailed suicide plan.

(d)

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11
Q

What would not typically be included in a statement of disclosure in counseling?

A

A list of the courses the counselor took in graduate school.

(a)

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12
Q

What does privileged communication in counseling imply?

A

It will not be divulged outside the counseling setting without the client’s permission.

(d)

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13
Q

How consistent are state laws regarding privileged communication for counselors?

A

Laws are unclear and may vary from state to state.

(b)

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14
Q

What does it mean when counselors state that privileged communication is ‘qualified’?

A

Exceptions may exist to the rule of privileged communication.

(c)

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15
Q

What could happen if a counselor in a state that does not support privileged communication refuses to testify in court?

A

They could be held in contempt of court.

(d)

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16
Q

What should a counselor do if they suspect child abuse, even if the child can’t remember how they were injured?

A

Call the child abuse/neglect hotline.

(d)

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17
Q

What should a counselor do if a client threatens suicide?

A

Contact someone who can help implement suicide precautions, such as the client’s wife.

(d)

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18
Q

If a client reveals a plan to harm someone, what does the Tarasoff case suggest the counselor should do?

A

Warn the intended victim.

(a)

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19
Q

What must a counselor do if they receive a court order to turn over test scores of a client who is in imminent danger?

A

They must turn over the test records complete with the scores.

(b)

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20
Q

What was one impetus for counselor licensing?

A

Psychology licensure bodies sought to restrict the practice of counselors so counselors could not receive third-party payments.

(c)

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21
Q

What is the general rule for counselors with degrees from counseling departments wanting to become licensed psychologists?

A

In nearly every case, individuals trained in counseling departments would not be allowed to sit for the EPPP and thus could not become licensed psychologists.

(c)

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22
Q

What does it generally mean when someone advertises themselves as a licensed counseling psychologist?

A

She has a graduate degree from a psychology department.

(b)

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23
Q

What is a major difference between the psychology and the counseling movements regarding the level of education for practice?

A

Psychologists are working to eliminate practitioners with less than a doctorate, while counselors are not.

(a)

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24
Q

APA is to psychologists as ACA is to what?

A

Counselor.

(c)

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25
What can NBCC do if an NCC violates professional ethics?
Remove your name from the list of NCCs in the U.S., revoke your NCC status, and note in their newsletter that your NCC status has been revoked. ## Footnote (b, c, d)
26
How would you describe a counselor who is alcoholic and suffering from burnout?
An impaired professional. ## Footnote (b)
27
What does counselor certification recognize?
That you have reached a given level of competence and thus are authorized to use a title. ## Footnote (c)
28
Ethically, what should you do if a client comes to you with an issue you are not trained to handle?
Refer this client to a colleague who is trained and experienced with this type of client. ## Footnote (a)
29
Which division was initially most instrumental in pushing for licensing in the counseling field?
American Counselor Education and Supervision. ## Footnote (d)
30
What is a major challenge with income-sensitive or sliding fee scales?
It is difficult to administer them in a fair manner. ## Footnote (c)
31
What is a potential negative aspect of counselor licensure?
Counselors may not be as creative during their graduate work and simply take courses aimed at fulfilling the requirements to take the licensure exam. ## Footnote (c)
32
What should you do if a client wants their records sent to another healthcare provider?
Have the client sign a dated release of information form that specifies the terms of the release, then send the information. ## Footnote (c)
33
What does it mean if a state grants you reciprocity or endorsement as a counselor?
You will be permitted to practice in the new state based on your current credentials without taking another exam. ## Footnote (b)
34
What does the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) of 1974 allow?
A parent can see their child’s educational record, and an 18-year-old college student can view their own educational record. ## Footnote (c)
35
Who would be the best referral for a student with an orthopedic disability?
A Certified Rehabilitation Counselor (CRC). ## Footnote (a)
36
What is a registry in the context of professional counseling?
A list of providers, such as licensed psychologists in a state or CRCs in the U.S. ## Footnote (c)
37
What ethical issue arises if a counselor closes her practice suddenly without informing clients?
Abandonment. ## Footnote (c)
38
Is it ethical to counsel a first cousin for depression?
Generally unethical as it would constitute a dual or so-called multiple relationship. ## Footnote (d)
39
What is required of an NCC regarding continuing education?
They will need a specified amount of continuing education contact hours before they can be recertified, or they will need to take the NCE again. ## Footnote (d)
40
What does it indicate if a counselor finds themselves sexually attracted to a client?
Countertransference. ## Footnote (a)
41
What should a counselor do if their sexual attraction toward a client is hindering the counseling process?
Explain this to the client and then refer the client to another provider. ## Footnote (c)
42
In what situation is a malpractice insurance company least likely to defend a counselor?
If the counselor is sexually involved with a client. ## Footnote (a)
43
What is it called when a computer is used to manage counseling tasks such as scheduling and billing?
Computer-managed counseling (CMC). ## Footnote (a)
44
What does it mean if a computer directly interacts with a client for counseling purposes?
Computer-assisted counseling (CAC). ## Footnote (a)
45
Can student participation in research studies impact their academic standing?
No, participation or lack of it cannot impact the student’s academic standing. ## Footnote (c)
46
How has the counseling profession reacted to computer-assisted and computer-managed counseling?
CMC is well-received for reducing administrative tasks, but there is mixed reaction to CAC, which can feel depersonalizing. ## Footnote (c)
47
Is it ethical to supervise a relative in a counseling setting?
No, it is unethical to supervise a relative. ## Footnote (d)
48
What documentation style should be used for counseling journal articles?
APA style. ## Footnote (a)
49
A 14-year-old threatens to blow up their parents’ garage. What should you do?
Warn the parents that their property is in danger. ## Footnote (d)
50
What is it called when a counselor fails to inform parents about a 16-year-old’s suicidal threat?
Negligence, which is a failure to perform a duty to protect the client. ## Footnote (c)
51
Which of the following does not exemplify stereotyping or discrimination?
Advising a client to consider switching his college major based on clinical judgment and test results. ## Footnote (b)
52
What is an example of sexual harassment by a counselor?
Making a sexually inappropriate comment to a client, such as commenting on their appearance in an unprofessional way. ## Footnote (a)
53
Is it ethical for a practice to list a counselor in their brochure as available when they are not actively practicing?
No, it is unethical unless it is clearly stated in the practice’s materials. ## Footnote (b)
54
What should you do if a colleague behaves unethically?
Attempt to rectify the issue through institutional channels, and if that fails, report it to regulatory organizations. ## Footnote (c)
55
What happens if you provide services in an area you are not trained in, such as classical psychoanalysis?
It is unethical as it constitutes misrepresentation. ## Footnote (c)
56
Can a counselor terminate services if a client fails to pay after being informed about this in the disclosure statement?
Yes, this practice is ethical if it was revealed to the client in the initial disclosure statement. ## Footnote (d)
57
Is it ethical for a counselor to divert agency clients to their private practice?
No, this is unethical. ## Footnote (b)
58
Can a counselor use experimental treatment strategies?
Yes, if the counselor explains the experimental nature to the client and the client agrees. ## Footnote (c)
59
What is the ethical stance on bartering in counseling?
Bartering is discouraged but allowed if the client requests it, a written contract is drafted, it causes no harm, and it is not exploitative. ## Footnote (a)
60
What should counselors do with clients considered for group counseling?
Screen all clients to ensure appropriateness for group work. ## Footnote (c)
61
What should you do if a student threatens to harm another and asks you to keep it a secret?
Inform the parents of the student in danger, inform the principal, and call the police immediately, discussing only material related to the threat. ## Footnote (d)
62
What must you do if your agency uses a collection agency for unpaid bills?
Inform the client of this policy before counseling begins. ## Footnote (c)
63
What is the ethical rule regarding submitting an article for publication?
Submit the article to one publication at a time. ## Footnote (c)
64
What is the definition of consultation in counseling?
A voluntary relationship where a professional helps an individual, group, or social unit solve problems related to clients, the client system, or work-related issues. ## Footnote (d)
65
What is an ethics violation related to private practice?
Listing an executive director’s name as a counseling provider when they are unavailable for counseling. ## Footnote (d)
66
What are the nosological systems used by counselors for diagnosis?
DSM and ICD. ## Footnote (c)
67
Which counselor is most likely required to use the DSM or ICD?
A counselor seeking insurance payments for services. ## Footnote (a)
68
Which type of counseling has traditionally caused the most ethical concerns?
Behavioral counseling, due to potential manipulation or control of clients. ## Footnote (a)
69
What are insurance payments for counseling services called?
Third-party payments. ## Footnote (b)
70
How many digits do DSM-5 diagnostic codes have?
Four or five. ## Footnote (a)
71
What is the correct format for a DSM code?
The decimal point occurs after the third digit (e.g., 296.99). ## Footnote (c)
72
Can two diagnoses share the same DSM code?
Yes, two diagnoses can share a single code. ## Footnote (a)
73
What should you do ethically if a client confesses to a past crime?
Keep the information confidential unless there is an immediate threat to safety. ## Footnote (d)
74
Which of the following is not a V code diagnosis?
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). ## Footnote (c)
75
Formal diagnosis (nosology) is most closely related to which model?
The medical model. ## Footnote (b)
76
Which treatment match-up is incorrect?
Narcan for schizophrenia. ## Footnote (d)
77
What system is used to code mental health services for insurance payments?
The AMA’s Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes. ## Footnote (c)
78
Can a counselor accept a referral fee?
No, it is unethical for a counselor to accept referral fees. ## Footnote (a)
79
Can a professor use their own book as a textbook for their class?
Yes, it is ethical unless the institution has a policy against it. ## Footnote (d)
80
What should a counselor do if a child taking a standardized test does not understand a question?
Repeat the question, but talk more slowly without changing the wording. ## Footnote (c)
81
Who proposed the most popular paradigm of mental health consultation?
Gerald Caplan. ## Footnote (c)
82
The doctor–patient consultation model relies on four stages. Who is it associated with?
Schein. ## Footnote (d)
83
What are the leading causes of malpractice actions against mental health professionals?
Confidentiality and dual relationships. ## Footnote (a)
84
What should you do when a client previously seeing another counselor seeks your services?
Counsel the client without requiring a release of information from the previous counselor. ## Footnote (c)
85
Is it ethical to solicit testimonials from clients for promotional materials?
No, soliciting testimonials from clients is an ethics violation. ## Footnote (c)
86
How should you handle a complex ethical situation?
Consult with colleagues as well as ethical codes. ## Footnote (b)
87
What should you do if you’ve been unable to help a client for over two years?
Terminate the relationship and refer the client to another professional. ## Footnote (b)
88
What if a referred client insists you are the best counselor they’ve worked with?
You are not obligated to continue the relationship. ## Footnote (d)
89
Who were the first counselors in the U.S.?
Deans and advisors in colleges after the Civil War to oversee young women. ## Footnote (c)
90
Who set up the first psychology laboratory?
Wilhelm Wundt in 1879 in Leipzig, Germany. ## Footnote (c)
91
Which 1931 publication popularized the term “counseling”?
Workbook in Vocations by Proctor, Benefield, and Wrenn. ## Footnote (a)
92
What does PL 94-142 (Education for All Handicapped Children Act) ensure?
Free education, least-restrictive environment, and Individualized Education Plans (IEPs). ## Footnote (d)
93
What major trend impacted counseling in the 1980s?
Professionalism, certification, and licensing. ## Footnote (c)
94
Why did the APA and APGA separate ethics guidelines in the 1970s?
APA did not want to credential master’s-level counselors or psychologists. ## Footnote (b)
95
What field made tremendous strides in the 1950s?
Developmental psychology. ## Footnote (b)
96
Which movement began in the late 1960s?
The group counseling movement. ## Footnote (c)
97
What did Gilbert Wrenn’s The Counselor in a Changing World emphasize?
Focusing on developmental concerns rather than just crises and emotional illness. ## Footnote (c)
98
What was one primary problem of counseling in the early 1960s?
It wrongly emphasized intrapsychic processes. ## Footnote (b)
99
What did the 1958 National Defense Education Act accomplish?
Provided financial aid for counseling education, expanded guidance services, and improved counseling for gifted children. ## Footnote (d)
100
What should you do if a client with a fatal, contagious disease refuses to inform their spouse?
Break confidentiality and inform the spouse. ## Footnote (a)

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