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Comps > Professional Orientation And Ethical Practice > Flashcards

Professional Orientation And Ethical Practice Flashcards

1
Q

Which group was most instrumental in opposing counselor licensure?

A

Psychologists. They were seen as wanting a monopoly on nonmedical mental health services.

(c)

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2
Q

What organization was formed by the AACD (now ACA) in 1982 to focus on professional credentialing?

A

The National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC).

(b)

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3
Q

What does passing the NCE grant a counselor via the NBCC?

A

The NCC, a generic certification for counselors.

(a)

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4
Q

Which scenario would most likely violate the ‘scope of practice’ in counseling ethics?

A

A counselor conducting a strict Freudian psychoanalysis with the client without proper training.

(d)

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5
Q

What do ethical guidelines in counseling describe?

A

Standards of conduct imposed by the ACA and NBCC.

(c)

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6
Q

What are most ethical dilemmas in counseling related to?

A

Confidentiality.

(a)

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7
Q

What legal duty was highlighted in the landmark Tarasoff case?

A

The duty to warn a client in imminent danger.

(c)

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8
Q

If a counselor reveals information damaging to a client’s reputation, they could be accused of what?

A

Defamation.

(d)

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9
Q

What do state laws not govern regarding counseling practice?

A

Accreditation.

(a)

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10
Q

What could be an exception to confidentiality in counseling?

A

All of the above: repeated jokes about suicide, giving away prized possessions after depression, a detailed suicide plan.

(d)

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11
Q

What would not typically be included in a statement of disclosure in counseling?

A

A list of the courses the counselor took in graduate school.

(a)

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12
Q

What does privileged communication in counseling imply?

A

It will not be divulged outside the counseling setting without the client’s permission.

(d)

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13
Q

How consistent are state laws regarding privileged communication for counselors?

A

Laws are unclear and may vary from state to state.

(b)

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14
Q

What does it mean when counselors state that privileged communication is ‘qualified’?

A

Exceptions may exist to the rule of privileged communication.

(c)

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15
Q

What could happen if a counselor in a state that does not support privileged communication refuses to testify in court?

A

They could be held in contempt of court.

(d)

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16
Q

What should a counselor do if they suspect child abuse, even if the child can’t remember how they were injured?

A

Call the child abuse/neglect hotline.

(d)

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17
Q

What should a counselor do if a client threatens suicide?

A

Contact someone who can help implement suicide precautions, such as the client’s wife.

(d)

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18
Q

If a client reveals a plan to harm someone, what does the Tarasoff case suggest the counselor should do?

A

Warn the intended victim.

(a)

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19
Q

What must a counselor do if they receive a court order to turn over test scores of a client who is in imminent danger?

A

They must turn over the test records complete with the scores.

(b)

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20
Q

What was one impetus for counselor licensing?

A

Psychology licensure bodies sought to restrict the practice of counselors so counselors could not receive third-party payments.

(c)

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21
Q

What is the general rule for counselors with degrees from counseling departments wanting to become licensed psychologists?

A

In nearly every case, individuals trained in counseling departments would not be allowed to sit for the EPPP and thus could not become licensed psychologists.

(c)

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22
Q

What does it generally mean when someone advertises themselves as a licensed counseling psychologist?

A

She has a graduate degree from a psychology department.

(b)

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23
Q

What is a major difference between the psychology and the counseling movements regarding the level of education for practice?

A

Psychologists are working to eliminate practitioners with less than a doctorate, while counselors are not.

(a)

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24
Q

APA is to psychologists as ACA is to what?

A

Counselor.

(c)

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25
Q

What can NBCC do if an NCC violates professional ethics?

A

Remove your name from the list of NCCs in the U.S., revoke your NCC status, and note in their newsletter that your NCC status has been revoked.

(b, c, d)

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26
Q

How would you describe a counselor who is alcoholic and suffering from burnout?

A

An impaired professional.

(b)

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27
Q

What does counselor certification recognize?

A

That you have reached a given level of competence and thus are authorized to use a title.

(c)

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28
Q

Ethically, what should you do if a client comes to you with an issue you are not trained to handle?

A

Refer this client to a colleague who is trained and experienced with this type of client.

(a)

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29
Q

Which division was initially most instrumental in pushing for licensing in the counseling field?

A

American Counselor Education and Supervision.

(d)

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30
Q

What is a major challenge with income-sensitive or sliding fee scales?

A

It is difficult to administer them in a fair manner.

(c)

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31
Q

What is a potential negative aspect of counselor licensure?

A

Counselors may not be as creative during their graduate work and simply take courses aimed at fulfilling the requirements to take the licensure exam.

(c)

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32
Q

What should you do if a client wants their records sent to another healthcare provider?

A

Have the client sign a dated release of information form that specifies the terms of the release, then send the information.

(c)

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33
Q

What does it mean if a state grants you reciprocity or endorsement as a counselor?

A

You will be permitted to practice in the new state based on your current credentials without taking another exam.

(b)

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34
Q

What does the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) of 1974 allow?

A

A parent can see their child’s educational record, and an 18-year-old college student can view their own educational record.

(c)

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35
Q

Who would be the best referral for a student with an orthopedic disability?

A

A Certified Rehabilitation Counselor (CRC).

(a)

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36
Q

What is a registry in the context of professional counseling?

A

A list of providers, such as licensed psychologists in a state or CRCs in the U.S.

(c)

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37
Q

What ethical issue arises if a counselor closes her practice suddenly without informing clients?

A

Abandonment.

(c)

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38
Q

Is it ethical to counsel a first cousin for depression?

A

Generally unethical as it would constitute a dual or so-called multiple relationship.

(d)

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39
Q

What is required of an NCC regarding continuing education?

A

They will need a specified amount of continuing education contact hours before they can be recertified, or they will need to take the NCE again.

(d)

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40
Q

What does it indicate if a counselor finds themselves sexually attracted to a client?

A

Countertransference.

(a)

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41
Q

What should a counselor do if their sexual attraction toward a client is hindering the counseling process?

A

Explain this to the client and then refer the client to another provider.

(c)

42
Q

In what situation is a malpractice insurance company least likely to defend a counselor?

A

If the counselor is sexually involved with a client.

(a)

43
Q

What is it called when a computer is used to manage counseling tasks such as scheduling and billing?

A

Computer-managed counseling (CMC).

(a)

44
Q

What does it mean if a computer directly interacts with a client for counseling purposes?

A

Computer-assisted counseling (CAC).

(a)

45
Q

Can student participation in research studies impact their academic standing?

A

No, participation or lack of it cannot impact the student’s academic standing.

(c)

46
Q

How has the counseling profession reacted to computer-assisted and computer-managed counseling?

A

CMC is well-received for reducing administrative tasks, but there is mixed reaction to CAC, which can feel depersonalizing.

(c)

47
Q

Is it ethical to supervise a relative in a counseling setting?

A

No, it is unethical to supervise a relative.

(d)

48
Q

What documentation style should be used for counseling journal articles?

A

APA style.

(a)

49
Q

A 14-year-old threatens to blow up their parents’ garage. What should you do?

A

Warn the parents that their property is in danger.

(d)

50
Q

What is it called when a counselor fails to inform parents about a 16-year-old’s suicidal threat?

A

Negligence, which is a failure to perform a duty to protect the client.

(c)

51
Q

Which of the following does not exemplify stereotyping or discrimination?

A

Advising a client to consider switching his college major based on clinical judgment and test results.

(b)

52
Q

What is an example of sexual harassment by a counselor?

A

Making a sexually inappropriate comment to a client, such as commenting on their appearance in an unprofessional way.

(a)

53
Q

Is it ethical for a practice to list a counselor in their brochure as available when they are not actively practicing?

A

No, it is unethical unless it is clearly stated in the practice’s materials.

(b)

54
Q

What should you do if a colleague behaves unethically?

A

Attempt to rectify the issue through institutional channels, and if that fails, report it to regulatory organizations.

(c)

55
Q

What happens if you provide services in an area you are not trained in, such as classical psychoanalysis?

A

It is unethical as it constitutes misrepresentation.

(c)

56
Q

Can a counselor terminate services if a client fails to pay after being informed about this in the disclosure statement?

A

Yes, this practice is ethical if it was revealed to the client in the initial disclosure statement.

(d)

57
Q

Is it ethical for a counselor to divert agency clients to their private practice?

A

No, this is unethical.

(b)

58
Q

Can a counselor use experimental treatment strategies?

A

Yes, if the counselor explains the experimental nature to the client and the client agrees.

(c)

59
Q

What is the ethical stance on bartering in counseling?

A

Bartering is discouraged but allowed if the client requests it, a written contract is drafted, it causes no harm, and it is not exploitative.

(a)

60
Q

What should counselors do with clients considered for group counseling?

A

Screen all clients to ensure appropriateness for group work.

(c)

61
Q

What should you do if a student threatens to harm another and asks you to keep it a secret?

A

Inform the parents of the student in danger, inform the principal, and call the police immediately, discussing only material related to the threat.

(d)

62
Q

What must you do if your agency uses a collection agency for unpaid bills?

A

Inform the client of this policy before counseling begins.

(c)

63
Q

What is the ethical rule regarding submitting an article for publication?

A

Submit the article to one publication at a time.

(c)

64
Q

What is the definition of consultation in counseling?

A

A voluntary relationship where a professional helps an individual, group, or social unit solve problems related to clients, the client system, or work-related issues.

(d)

65
Q

What is an ethics violation related to private practice?

A

Listing an executive director’s name as a counseling provider when they are unavailable for counseling.

(d)

66
Q

What are the nosological systems used by counselors for diagnosis?

A

DSM and ICD.

(c)

67
Q

Which counselor is most likely required to use the DSM or ICD?

A

A counselor seeking insurance payments for services.

(a)

68
Q

Which type of counseling has traditionally caused the most ethical concerns?

A

Behavioral counseling, due to potential manipulation or control of clients.

(a)

69
Q

What are insurance payments for counseling services called?

A

Third-party payments.

(b)

70
Q

How many digits do DSM-5 diagnostic codes have?

A

Four or five.

(a)

71
Q

What is the correct format for a DSM code?

A

The decimal point occurs after the third digit (e.g., 296.99).

(c)

72
Q

Can two diagnoses share the same DSM code?

A

Yes, two diagnoses can share a single code.

(a)

73
Q

What should you do ethically if a client confesses to a past crime?

A

Keep the information confidential unless there is an immediate threat to safety.

(d)

74
Q

Which of the following is not a V code diagnosis?

A

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

(c)

75
Q

Formal diagnosis (nosology) is most closely related to which model?

A

The medical model.

(b)

76
Q

Which treatment match-up is incorrect?

A

Narcan for schizophrenia.

(d)

77
Q

What system is used to code mental health services for insurance payments?

A

The AMA’s Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes.

(c)

78
Q

Can a counselor accept a referral fee?

A

No, it is unethical for a counselor to accept referral fees.

(a)

79
Q

Can a professor use their own book as a textbook for their class?

A

Yes, it is ethical unless the institution has a policy against it.

(d)

80
Q

What should a counselor do if a child taking a standardized test does not understand a question?

A

Repeat the question, but talk more slowly without changing the wording.

(c)

81
Q

Who proposed the most popular paradigm of mental health consultation?

A

Gerald Caplan.

(c)

82
Q

The doctor–patient consultation model relies on four stages. Who is it associated with?

A

Schein.

(d)

83
Q

What are the leading causes of malpractice actions against mental health professionals?

A

Confidentiality and dual relationships.

(a)

84
Q

What should you do when a client previously seeing another counselor seeks your services?

A

Counsel the client without requiring a release of information from the previous counselor.

(c)

85
Q

Is it ethical to solicit testimonials from clients for promotional materials?

A

No, soliciting testimonials from clients is an ethics violation.

(c)

86
Q

How should you handle a complex ethical situation?

A

Consult with colleagues as well as ethical codes.

(b)

87
Q

What should you do if you’ve been unable to help a client for over two years?

A

Terminate the relationship and refer the client to another professional.

(b)

88
Q

What if a referred client insists you are the best counselor they’ve worked with?

A

You are not obligated to continue the relationship.

(d)

89
Q

Who were the first counselors in the U.S.?

A

Deans and advisors in colleges after the Civil War to oversee young women.

(c)

90
Q

Who set up the first psychology laboratory?

A

Wilhelm Wundt in 1879 in Leipzig, Germany.

(c)

91
Q

Which 1931 publication popularized the term “counseling”?

A

Workbook in Vocations by Proctor, Benefield, and Wrenn.

(a)

92
Q

What does PL 94-142 (Education for All Handicapped Children Act) ensure?

A

Free education, least-restrictive environment, and Individualized Education Plans (IEPs).

(d)

93
Q

What major trend impacted counseling in the 1980s?

A

Professionalism, certification, and licensing.

(c)

94
Q

Why did the APA and APGA separate ethics guidelines in the 1970s?

A

APA did not want to credential master’s-level counselors or psychologists.

(b)

95
Q

What field made tremendous strides in the 1950s?

A

Developmental psychology.

(b)

96
Q

Which movement began in the late 1960s?

A

The group counseling movement.

(c)

97
Q

What did Gilbert Wrenn’s The Counselor in a Changing World emphasize?

A

Focusing on developmental concerns rather than just crises and emotional illness.

(c)

98
Q

What was one primary problem of counseling in the early 1960s?

A

It wrongly emphasized intrapsychic processes.

(b)

99
Q

What did the 1958 National Defense Education Act accomplish?

A

Provided financial aid for counseling education, expanded guidance services, and improved counseling for gifted children.

(d)

100
Q

What should you do if a client with a fatal, contagious disease refuses to inform their spouse?

A

Break confidentiality and inform the spouse.

(a)

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