More Career Stuff Flashcards
Who developed the Trait and Factor Theory and is considered the father of career counseling?
Frank Parsons.
What is the core concept of Frank Parsons’ Trait and Factor Theory?
Matching individual traits such as aptitudes, interests, and personal abilities with job requirements to find the best career fit.
What are the three main steps in Frank Parsons’ Trait and Factor Theory for career decision-making?
- Self-understanding, 2. Knowledge of jobs, 3. True reasoning.
Why is self-understanding crucial in Frank Parsons’ Trait and Factor Theory?
It helps individuals identify their strengths, weaknesses, interests, and values, crucial for making informed career choices.
How does knowledge of jobs function in Frank Parsons’ Trait and Factor Theory?
Provides essential information about job duties, requirements, and prospects, crucial for making a suitable career match.
What does ‘True Reasoning’ entail in Frank Parsons’ Trait and Factor Theory?
It involves logically matching personal traits with job requirements to find the best career fit.
What is the role of career counselors according to Frank Parsons’ Trait and Factor Theory?
To assist individuals in understanding their traits, providing job information, and guiding them in the true reasoning process.
Who developed a theory categorizing occupations into fields and levels based on psychological needs and personality?
Anne Roe.
What are the main occupational fields according to Anne Roe’s classification?
Service, Business Contact, Organizations, Technology, Outdoor, Science, General Cultural, and Arts & Entertainment.
What are the main levels of occupations according to Anne Roe’s classification?
Professional and Managerial, Semi-professional and Small Business, Skilled, Semi-skilled, and Unskilled.
What characterizes the Professional and Managerial level in Anne Roe’s classification?
Occupations requiring advanced knowledge and skills, often involving leadership and a high degree of responsibility, such as doctors, lawyers, and corporate executives.
What is the difference between Skilled and Unskilled levels in Anne Roe’s classification?
Skilled occupations require specific training and skills, such as electricians and chefs, while Unskilled occupations require minimal prior training or skills, such as janitorial work or laboring.
How did Anne Roe relate career choices to psychological needs and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?
Anne Roe viewed career choice as a means to satisfy intrinsic psychological needs, shaped by early emotional experiences. She aligned this concept with Maslow’s hierarchy, suggesting that individuals are motivated to meet their highest unmet needs through their career choices. For instance, individuals with unmet needs for order or security might gravitate towards structured or rule-bound professions.
Who developed a theory that views career decision-making as a process of differentiating and integrating self-concept with career roles?
David Tiedeman and Robert O’Hara.
What is the core concept of Tiedeman and O’Hara’s career decision-making theory?
The core concept is that career decision-making is a continual process of differentiation and integration of the self-concept with one’s career roles. This process is influenced by the individual’s development through stages of anticipation and implementation.
What occurs in the anticipation stage of Tiedeman and O’Hara’s career decision-making theory?
In the anticipation stage, individuals forecast their future in various roles and experiment mentally with different possibilities, leading up to a preliminary choice of a career path.
What occurs in the implementation stage of Tiedeman and O’Hara’s career decision-making theory?
In the implementation stage, individuals engage in actual entry into a career, which includes adjusting and reaffirming their career choice, thus integrating their self-concept with their career role.
How does self-concept play a role in Tiedeman and O’Hara’s career theory?
Self-concept is central to Tiedeman and O’Hara’s theory; it evolves through decisions and experiences, influencing and being influenced by the career decision-making process as one differentiates and integrates career roles.
What psychological processes are highlighted in Tiedeman and O’Hara’s theory?
Differentiation and integration are key psychological processes in their theory, where differentiation involves seeing oneself as distinct from others in various career roles, and integration involves aligning one’s self-concept with chosen career paths.
Who developed the Life-Span, Life-Space Theory of career development?
Donald Super.
What is the core concept of Donald Super’s Life-Span, Life-Space Theory?
The core concept is that career development is a lifelong process that occurs through a series of stages, and that it involves the development of a self-concept as it interacts with various life roles and life stages.
What are the five major stages of career development in Super’s theory?
- Growth (birth-14 years), 2. Exploration (15-24 years), 3. Establishment (25-44 years), 4. Maintenance (45-64 years), 5. Disengagement (65+ years).
How does self-concept influence career development in Super’s theory?
Self-concept plays a central role in Super’s theory; it evolves over time as individuals progress through life stages and gain experiences, guiding their career choices and changes.
What are some key life roles according to Donald Super’s theory?
Key life roles include student, leisurite, citizen, worker, spouse, homemaker, parent, and child. These roles change in importance and influence throughout different stages of life.
What is “career maturity” in Super’s theory?
Career maturity is a concept that indicates how well an individual is prepared to make appropriate career decisions at different stages of life, considering both the readiness and timeliness of those decisions.
What does the Archway Model represent in Super’s theory?
The Archway Model represents how personal characteristics, the roles people play, and broader environmental factors create a structure that supports an individual’s career development, similar to how an archway is supported by its keystones.
What are the key life roles identified in Donald Super’s Life-Span, Life-Space Theory?
- Student: Learning and acquiring skills necessary for personal and professional development.
- Leisurite: Participating in leisure activities that provide rest and recreation.
- Worker: Engaging in work that contributes to career development and economic stability.
- Spouse/Partner: Contributing to a romantic partnership, sharing responsibilities and support.
- Parent: Raising and caring for children, influencing their development and well-being.
- Homemaker: Managing household duties and creating a nurturing home environment.
- Citizen: Participating in community life and fulfilling civic responsibilities.
- Child: Developing as a person within the family and social context, often dependent on others for guidance and care.
What are the “theaters” in the Life Space component of Donald Super’s Life-Span, Life-Space Theory?
• Home Theater: Involves roles related to personal and family life, such as child, spouse, parent, and homemaker.
• Community Theater: Encompasses roles that connect an individual to the wider community, including citizen, volunteer, and group member.
• School and Training Theater: Relates to roles associated with learning and development, such as student and trainee.
• Workplace Theater: Pertains to professional roles, including those of worker, colleague, and manager.
What are the three major stages of Ginzberg’s career development theory?
- Fantasy Stage (up to age 11)
- Tentative Stage (ages 11 to 17)
- Realistic Stage (ages 17 and older)
What characterizes the Fantasy Stage in Ginzberg’s career development theory?
In the Fantasy Stage, children’s career choices are influenced by imagination and idealization, often choosing careers without realistic considerations, such as astronauts or superheroes.
Describe the phases within the Tentative Stage according to Ginzberg.
• Interest Phase (ages 11-12): Career choices are influenced by likes and dislikes.
• Capacity Phase (ages 13-14): Decisions begin to consider personal abilities and limitations.
• Value Phase (ages 15-16): Greater emphasis on aligning career choices with personal values.
• Transition Phase (age 17): Movement towards more realistic and practical career considerations.
What occurs during the Realistic Stage in Ginzberg’s career theory?
• Exploration Phase: Trying out jobs through education, actual work, or hobbies.
• Crystallization Phase: Focusing on a specific career choice and making more concrete plans.
• Specification Phase: Engaging in specific professional or occupational training.
How did Ginzberg later revise his original theory?
Ginzberg later acknowledged that career development is a lifelong process, not just confined to young adulthood. He recognized that individuals continue to make and revise career-related decisions throughout their lives based on new experiences and information.
How did Donald Super expand on Eli Ginzberg’s career development theory?
Donald Super expanded on Ginzberg’s model by proposing that career development is not limited to early life but continues throughout a person’s lifespan. Super introduced the concept of career maturity and emphasized the role of self-concept in career development, proposing a more comprehensive, lifelong approach where individuals continually evolve in their careers through stages of growth, exploration, establishment, maintenance, and disengagement.
What is the concept of ‘career development tasks’ in Donald Super’s theory?
Career development tasks are specific achievements that individuals should accomplish at different life stages to effectively manage their career development, according to Donald Super’s Life-Span, Life-Space Theory.
What are the career development tasks during the Growth stage (ages 4-13) in Super’s theory?
Developing self-concept, abilities, and interests.
Learning about the world of work and different occupations.
Understanding the relationship between school and future work opportunities.
What are the career development tasks during the Exploration stage (ages 14-24) in Super’s theory?
Crystallizing career preferences and competencies.
Specifying an occupational choice.
Implementing a career choice through education, training, or entry-level jobs.
What are the career development tasks during the Establishment stage (ages 25-44) in Super’s theory?
Stabilizing in a job.
Consolidating job experience.
Advancing in career through promotions and greater responsibilities.
What are the career development tasks during the Maintenance stage (ages 45-64) in Super’s theory?
Maintaining established career positions.
Updating and innovating work-related skills.
Preparing for continued career success and satisfaction.
What are the career development tasks during the Disengagement stage (ages 65+) in Super’s theory?
Decelerating work involvement and productivity.
Planning for and moving into retirement.
Shifting energy to non-work activities and roles.
How did Donald Super expand on Eli Ginzberg’s career development theory?
Donald Super expanded on Ginzberg’s model by proposing that career development is not limited to early life but continues throughout a person’s lifespan. Super introduced the concept of career maturity and emphasized the role of self-concept in career development, proposing a more comprehensive, lifelong approach where individuals continually evolve in their careers through stages of growth, exploration, establishment, maintenance, and disengagement.
What is the concept of ‘career development tasks’ in Donald Super’s theory?
Career development tasks are specific achievements that individuals should accomplish at different life stages to effectively manage their career development, according to Donald Super’s Life-Span, Life-Space Theory.
What are the career development tasks during the Growth stage (ages 4-13) in Super’s theory?
Developing self-concept, abilities, and interests.
Learning about the world of work and different occupations.
Understanding the relationship between school and future work opportunities.
What are the career development tasks during the Exploration stage (ages 14-24) in Super’s theory?
Crystallizing career preferences and competencies.
Specifying an occupational choice.
Implementing a career choice through education, training, or entry-level jobs.
What are the career development tasks during the Establishment stage (ages 25-44) in Super’s theory?
Stabilizing in a job.
Consolidating job experience.
Advancing in career through promotions and greater responsibilities.
What are the career development tasks during the Maintenance stage (ages 45-64) in Super’s theory?
Maintaining established career positions.
Updating and innovating work-related skills.
Preparing for continued career success and satisfaction.
What are the career development tasks during the Disengagement stage (ages 65+) in Super’s theory?
Decelerating work involvement and productivity.
Planning for and moving into retirement.
Shifting energy to non-work activities and roles.
Who developed the theory of circumscription and compromise in career development?
Linda Gottfredson.
What is the core concept of Linda Gottfredson’s theory of circumscription and compromise?
Linda Gottfredson’s theory suggests that career choices are limited (circumscribed) by the perceived acceptability of options and later adjusted (compromised) based on the perceived accessibility of attainable options.
What is “circumscription” in Gottfredson’s theory?
Circumscription is the process by which individuals eliminate career options that they perceive as unsuitable based on their self-image and societal stereotypes, often influenced by factors like gender and social class.
What is “compromise” in Gottfredson’s theory?
Compromise occurs when individuals modify their career choices based on the limitations they encounter, such as educational access, financial constraints, or job availability, often settling for less preferred but more accessible options.
What are the stages of circumscription according to Gottfredson?
Orientation to Size and Power (age 3-5): Careers are perceived in terms of size and power.
Orientation to Sex Roles (age 6-8): Careers are categorized by gender appropriateness.
Orientation to Social Valuation (age 9-13): Careers are evaluated based on social status.
Orientation to the Internal, Unique Self (age 14+): Personal interests, values, and talents guide career choices.
How do social forces impact career choices in Gottfredson’s theory?
Social forces such as gender norms, socioeconomic status, and cultural expectations significantly shape and restrict the range of career options considered acceptable or attainable by individuals.
Who developed the theory of circumscription and compromise in career development?
Linda Gottfredson.
What is the core concept of Linda Gottfredson’s theory of circumscription and compromise?
Linda Gottfredson’s theory suggests that career choices are limited (circumscribed) by the perceived acceptability of options and later adjusted (compromised) based on the perceived accessibility of attainable options.
What is “circumscription” in Gottfredson’s theory?
Circumscription is the process by which individuals eliminate career options that they perceive as unsuitable based on their self-image and societal stereotypes, often influenced by factors like gender and social class.
What is “compromise” in Gottfredson’s theory?
Compromise occurs when individuals modify their career choices based on the limitations they encounter, such as educational access, financial constraints, or job availability, often settling for less preferred but more accessible options.
What are the stages of circumscription according to Gottfredson?
Orientation to Size and Power (age 3-5): Careers are perceived in terms of size and power.
Orientation to Sex Roles (age 6-8): Careers are categorized by gender appropriateness.
Orientation to Social Valuation (age 9-13): Careers are evaluated based on social status.
Orientation to the Internal, Unique Self (age 14+): Personal interests, values, and talents guide career choices.
How do social forces impact career choices in Gottfredson’s theory?
Social forces such as gender norms, socioeconomic status, and cultural expectations significantly shape and restrict the range of career options considered acceptable or attainable by individuals.
Who developed the Cognitive Information Processing (CIP) approach to career decision-making?
The CIP model was developed by Gary Peterson, James Sampson, Robert Reardon, and Janet Lenz.
What is the Cognitive Information Processing (CIP) approach to career decision-making?
The CIP approach is a framework that emphasizes cognitive processes in career decisions, aiming to enhance decision-making skills through improved self-knowledge and knowledge of career options.
Describe the Pyramid of Information Processing Domains in the CIP model.
The pyramid consists of three levels: the Content Domain (self-knowledge and occupational knowledge), the Cognitive Domain (decision-making skills), and the Meta-Cognitive Domain (executive processing, including self-talk and awareness).
What is the CASVE Cycle in the CIP model?
The CASVE Cycle is a decision-making process with five steps: Communication, Analysis, Synthesis, Valuing, and Execution. It guides individuals from identifying a problem to implementing a solution.
Why is self-knowledge crucial in the CIP model?
Self-knowledge involves understanding one’s abilities, interests, values, and preferences, crucial for making career decisions that lead to personal and professional satisfaction.
What role does occupational knowledge play in the CIP model?
Occupational knowledge includes understanding job characteristics, career paths, and educational requirements, essential for evaluating and choosing career options that match individual skills and goals.
What is the Executive Processing Domain in the CIP model?
The Executive Processing Domain involves monitoring and regulating thought processes to enhance decision-making, focusing on effective problem-solving strategies.
How does the CIP model assess readiness for career choice?
Readiness is determined by an individual’s proficiency in using decision-making skills across domains of self-knowledge and occupational knowledge, ensuring effective navigation through the CASVE cycle.
Who developed the Career Construction Theory?
Mark Savickas.
What is the core concept of Mark Savickas’s Career Construction Theory?
Career Construction Theory posits that individuals build their careers by constructing personal narratives that make sense of their vocational behaviors and align with their life themes.
What role do life themes play in Career Construction Theory?
Life themes are central to understanding an individual’s career choices; they are derived from recurring patterns, motifs, and scripts in one’s life story that guide career construction.
How does vocational personality factor into Career Construction Theory?
Vocational personality is shaped by one’s life stories and influences career choices. It involves identifying personal competencies, interests, and values that direct vocational behavior.
What is career adaptability in Savickas’s theory?
Career adaptability refers to an individual’s readiness and resources for coping with current and anticipated tasks of career construction, including concerns about the future, control in taking steps, curiosity to explore, and confidence to pursue goals.
How is the narrative approach used in Career Construction Theory?
The narrative approach involves clients articulating their life stories, which counselors help deconstruct and reconstruct to form coherent narratives that align with career goals and personal identity.
Why is adaptability important in Career Construction Theory?
Adaptability is crucial because it enables individuals to respond effectively to changes and challenges in their career paths, helping them to continuously reshape their work lives in alignment with personal growth and changing circumstances.
