Families Diagnosis And Advnced Concepts Flashcards
Who is the identified patient in family therapy according to most family counselors?
The entire family.
(c)
A husband tells you privately about filing for divorce and asks you not to tell his wife. Ethically, you should:
Only tell his wife if he gives you permission.
(a)
Is it ethical for a supervisor to have a sexual relationship with a supervisee?
No, it is unethical.
(b)
What is the fastest-growing clientele for professional counselors?
Persons experiencing marriage and family problems.
(c)
What causality concept do family counselors generally believe in?
Circular/reciprocal causality.
(a)
Cybernetics is most closely associated with which mathematician?
Norbert Wiener.
(b)
A family that maintains a balanced state is said to be in what state?
Homeostasis.
(d)
What terms describe a family’s ability to balance stability and change?
Morphostasis and morphogenesis.
(d)
Seeing a family for free because they cannot afford counseling is an example of:
Aspirational ethics.
(a)
Experiential conjoint family therapy is closely related to which therapist?
Virginia Satir.
(a)
What does the ‘placating’ communication style in families mean according to Virginia Satir?
Trying to please everybody out of fear of rejection.
(d)
What behaviors are typical of the ‘blamer’ in Satir’s communication patterns?
Sacrificing others to feel good, saying ‘if it weren’t for you…’ and avoiding personal issues.
(d)
The overly reasonable family member often engages in what defense mechanism?
Intellectualization.
(c)
What is typical of the ‘irrelevant’ communication style in families?
Distracting the family from the problem by talking about irrelevant topics.
(a)
Who is considered the ‘dean of experiential family therapy’?
Carl Whitaker.
(c)
How did Carl Whitaker describe his therapeutic approach with families?
Joining the family and experiencing it as if he were a family member.
(b)
What did Carl Whitaker believe about co-therapists?
A co-therapist is helpful and provides meaningful feedback.
(a)
Psychotherapy of the absurd is associated with which therapist?
Carl Whitaker.
(b)
A behaviorist uses Premack’s principle. What does it mean?
A low-probability behavior must be completed before engaging in a high-probability behavior.
(a)
What is the term for a behavioral contract where one family member does something if another does something comparable?
Quid pro quo.
(d)
A male supervisor tells a female supervisee that he will continue to supervise her only if she has sex with him. This is an example of:
Quid pro quo, used negatively in the context of sexual harassment.
(a)
What does the baseline in behavior therapy refer to?
The period before behavior modification begins.
(d)
A family therapist isolates a child after hitting their sibling. What behaviorist technique is this?
Time-out, a form of extinction.
(d)
According to reciprocity in behavioral family therapy, what might happen when one partner in a marriage feels unappreciated?
They may consider leaving the marriage.
(a)
A behaviorist treating a couple with anxiety-related sexual problems would most likely use:
Systematic desensitization procedures.
(c)
A behaviorist addressing obsessive sexual thoughts might use which technique?
Thought stopping.
(c)
Analyzing past data comparing two family therapy models would be classified as:
Causal comparative or ex post facto research.
(b)
Which technique would not be used by a behavioristic family therapist?
Family sculpting.
(a)
What percentage of marriages today are remarriages?
Remarriage is common, and about 40% of new marriages are remarriages.
(c)
How quickly do divorced persons tend to remarry?
About 30% remarry within 12 months, and most remarry within 3–4 years.
(a)
Who is considered the founder of psychodynamic family therapy?
Nathan Ackerman.
(d)
In psychoanalytic family therapy, what does the term “object” refer to?
A significant other with whom a child wishes to bond.
(b)
What does the psychoanalytic term “introjects” mean?
Internalizing the positive and negative characteristics of objects within oneself.
(a)
What is “splitting” in psychoanalytic family therapy?
Seeing an object or person as either all good or all bad.
(d)
A counselor projects unresolved childhood issues onto a client. What is this called?
Countertransference.
(c)
What is “second-order change” in family systems therapy?
A deeper, structural change in the family system that alters undesirable patterns.
(a)
A woman alternates between seeing her husband as all good or all bad. This is an example of:
Splitting.
(b)
Which psychoanalytic family therapists are associated with object relations?
James Framo and Robin Skynner.
(d)
Cloe Madanes and Jay Haley are associated with which school of family counseling?
Strategic therapy.
(a)
What was Jay Haley’s academic background when he began investigating psychotherapy?
He had a degree in the arts and communication, not in the helping professions.
(d)
A strategic family therapist gives a directive to a family with a suicidal teen by saying, ‘If she threatens suicide, everyone must stay home all day.’ What is this an example of?
A directive.
(c)
A therapist tells a smoker, ‘You’ll never smoke again,’ then instructs her to smoke as much as she can for three days. This is an example of:
A double-bind.
(a)
The smoking directive described earlier is best categorized as:
A paradoxical intervention.
(a)
A therapist tells a couple to quarrel at least twice each evening. This is an example of:
Prescribing the symptom.
(c)
A therapist reframes a client’s complaint about his girlfriend yelling, saying, ‘She yells because she loves you.’ What technique is this?
Reframing or relabeling.
(a)
In strategic family therapy, the person with power in the family is:
The one who makes and enforces rules.
(a)
How does strategic therapy view symptoms?
It is pragmatic and symptom-focused, aiming to resolve issues directly.
(b)
A child breaks a glass to rouse her depressed mother. Madanes would describe this as:
Incongruous hierarchy.
(c)
In Madanes’ pretend technique, a child pretends to have a panic attack while parents pretend to help. What is this?
Pretending.
(d)
A therapist tells a family, ‘Change might be too hard.’ This is an example of:
Restraining.
(a)
A therapist says, ‘Your depression is hopeless and may never improve.’ This is an example of:
Positioning.
(b)
A counselor imposes their cultural values on diverse families and treats all families the same. What describes this?
Cultural encapsulation.
(d)
Which statements about African American families are true?
Fewer are marrying, and they are less concerned about gender roles.
(d)
Which therapy approaches are best suited for African American families?
Bowen’s, Minuchin’s, or Haley’s models (problem-focused, brief, or multigenerational approaches).
(a)
The best approach for counseling Asian American families is:
Solution-focused/problem-focused modalities.
(c)
Which statement about Latino/a families is true?
They have higher unemployment rates, often live in poverty, and prefer short-term therapy.
(a)
In the Olson, Sprenkle, and Russell family model, adaptability refers to:
How rigid, structured, flexible, or chaotic the family is.
(d)
Which is true about Native American families?
They are diverse, value extended family/tribe, and face challenges like identity confusion.
(d)
Is the statement ‘Native Americans struggle with alcoholism and suicide’ true?
Yes, both are significant concerns within the population.
(c)
In Bowen’s intergenerational family therapy, what does triangulation refer to?
When a dyad under stress recruits a third person, often worsening the situation.
(c)
What is differentiation in Bowen’s intergenerational family therapy?
The extent to which one can separate intellect from emotional self.
(a)
Bowen’s three-generational pictorial diagram is known as:
A genogram.
(c)
What does Bowen mean by the nuclear family emotional system?
The emotional system of the current family is influenced by previous generations.
(a)
Salvador Minuchin is associated with which type of family therapy?
Structural family therapy.
(b)
What is joining in structural family therapy?
The therapist bonds with the family by mimicking their communication patterns.
(a)
A structural family therapist asks the family to act out a recurring argument. What is this called?
Enactment.
(c)
What are boundaries in structural family therapy?
Physical and psychological separations between individuals and subsystems in the family.
(d)
What are clear boundaries in structural family therapy?
Firm yet flexible boundaries that support individuation and healthy relationships.
(d)
In structural family therapy, what does it mean if a couple has rigid boundaries?
Individuals or subsystems are disengaged.
(a)
A mother accompanies her adult daughter on a date. This is an example of:
Diffuse boundaries.
(c)
Minuchin mimicking a family’s communication style is called:
Mimesis.
(d)
Who is another notable intergenerational family therapist besides Bowen?
Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy.
(b)
What does it mean if a family member is emotionally distant?
They are disengaged.
(a)
In Haley’s theory, what is the perverse triangle?
When two family members at different levels of the hierarchy form a coalition against another member.
(c)
Who was a pioneer in family therapy and opened child guidance clinics in Vienna?
Alfred Adler.
(c)
Which family therapist is described as atheoretical?
Carl Whitaker.
(b)
What does solution-oriented therapy focus on?
The future.
(c)
Narrative therapy is associated with which theorists?
Michael White, Cheryl White, and David Epston.
(d)
Tom Anderson’s reflecting team approach involves:
A one-way mirror and team discussion of the family’s case.
(a)
Why does feminist therapy criticize traditional therapies?
They are androcentric, gendercentric, and emphasize heterosexism.
(d)
In Steve de Shazer’s Brief Solution-Focused Therapy (BSFT), what does the term “skeleton keys” mean?
A standard or stock intervention that works for numerous problems.
(a)
What is one criticism of using cognitive-behavioral methods like REBT in multicultural counseling?
Cognitive disputation could go against cultural messages.
(d)
What is the predicted trend for counseling theories in the 21st century?
Theories will become more integrative, as 30–50% of therapists identify as eclectic.
(a)
Does Brief Solution-Focused Therapy require a treatment team behind a one-way mirror?
Sometimes, but it is not required.
(c)
A researcher gives clients a depression inventory before and after treatment and uses a t-test to compare scores. What type of design is this?
A related measures within-subject design.
(c)
In research, what do the letters “X” and “O” represent in pre-experimental design?
X = treatment; O = observation, measurement, or score.
(a)
In a one-group posttest design, how is the sequence depicted?
XO.
(b)
What is a time-series design?
A quasi-experimental design with multiple observations of the dependent variable before and after treatment.
(b)
