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Reproduction SOH > Problems in the neonate > Flashcards

Problems in the neonate Flashcards

1
Q

Meconium aspiration - X ray feature

A

Patchy lung fields

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2
Q

PPHN - definition

A

Persistent foetal circulation after birth

  • the baby continues to shunt blood from RA -> LA
  • blood crosses from the pulmonary artery -> descending part of the aortic arch via persistent patent ductus arteriosus
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3
Q

PPHN - the majority of the blood in the systemic circulation is OXYGENATED. True or false?

A

False

- de-oxygenated

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4
Q

PPHN - clinical features

A

Decreased O2 sats

- O2 sats of foot will be lower than O2 sats in baby hand

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5
Q

PPHN - management

A 
Ventilation
Oxygen 
Nitric oxide - vasodilator 
Sedation
Inotropes - force more blood to circulate to the lungs
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6
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus - definition

A

When the ductus arteriosus persists. It should close within 2 hours post delivery due to the drop in pulmonary arterial pressure after birth (meaning its easier for blood to move into the pulmonary circulation).

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7
Q

What happens to the circulation if there is a patent ductus arteriosus after birth?

A

`the pulmonary pressure will stay high ad blood will bypass the pulmonary circulation

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8
Q

Hypothermia - who is at highest risk

A

Pre term babies

- low brown fat and subcutaneous fat stores

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9
Q

Hypothermia - management

A 
Put a hat on baby
Skin to skin contact 
Blanket/clothes 
Transwarmer mattress
Prewarmed incubator 
Put baby in a bag
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10
Q

Early onset sepsis - causative organisms

A

Group B strep

Gram -ves

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11
Q

Late onset sepsis - causative organisms

A

Coagulase -ve staph
Gram -ves
Staph aureus

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12
Q

Physiological jaundice - definition

A

Breakdown of foetal haemoglobin

Normal from day 2-14

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13
Q

Pathological jaundice

A

Jaundice that occurs before day 2 or after day 14

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14
Q

Management of pathological jaundice ?

A

Blue light therapy

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15
Q

Respiratory distress syndrome - clinical features

A 
Tachypnoea 
Grunting 
Intercostal recession
Nasal flaring 
Cyanosis
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16
Q

Respiratory distress syndrome - investigations

A

CXR - ground glass appearance

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17
Q

Respiratory distress syndrome - management

A

Maternal steroids - increases surfactant production

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18
Q

Foetal alcohol syndrome - clinical features

A 
Small eye openings 
Flat mid face 
Upturned nose 
Smooth philtrum
Thin upper lip
19
Q

Which babies tend to get a retinopathy?

A

Premature babies

20
Q

Most common antenatal infection

A

CMV

21
Q

Most common perinatal infection

A

Group B strep

22
Q

Post natal infection causes

A

Could be anything in the external environment

23
Q

How long does the neonatal phase last?

A

First 4 weeks of life

24
Q

Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) - definition

A

Sick gut
Where tissues in the intestine become inflamed and start to die. This can lead to a hole developing which allows the contents of the intestine to leak out to the abdomen, causing dangerous infection

25
Q

NEC - who gets it

A

Premature baby

26
Q

NEC - clinical features

A

Swollen/tender abdomen
General signs of illness
Problems with feeding/vomiting

27
Q

NEC - investigations

A

Abdo XR

  • bowel wall gets leaky and gas starts to move out to the bowel wall
  • wrigglers sign
28
Q

NEC - management

A

NG tube insertion to drain contents from stomach

Must have surgery if perforation occurs

29
Q

What are the 3 ways of an obstruction occurring?

A

Something gets stuck in the lumen
Something on the outside of the lumen pushing in
Something in the bowel wall

30
Q

What type of obstruction is meconium ileus?

A

Intraluminal obstruction

31
Q

2 day old baby who is feeding ok but vomiting. The baby has not yet pooed. On examination there is a distended abdomen which feels doughy. What is the likely diagnosis?

A

Meconium ileus

32
Q

Which condition is meconium ileus associated with?

A

Cystic fibrosis

33
Q

Malrotation - definition

A

The gut is sitting in the wrong orientation

34
Q

Volvulus - definition

A

The gut twists around on itself and this cuts off the blood supply

35
Q

Malroatation - clinical features

A

Baby vomiting green bile

36
Q

Malrotation - investigations

A

Upper GI water soluble x-ray

37
Q

Malrotation - management

A

Emergency surgery

38
Q

If there is a high obstruction there will be lots/little laddering?

A

little

39
Q

If there is a low obstruction, there will be lots/little laddering?

A

Lots

40
Q

Tetralogy of fallot commonly presents within the first few days of life. True or false?

A

False

- usually infant hood or even adulthood

41
Q

Tetralogy of fallot - which murmur is it associated with?

A

Pulmonary stenosis

42
Q

Transposition of the great arteries - where does the aorta and pulmonary artery come off?

A

Aorta - comes off right ventricle

Pulmonary artery - comes off left ventricle

43
Q

When does transposition of the great arteries present?

A

Around 48 hours after birth

- when the ductus arteriosus closes

Reproduction SOH (50 decks)

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