Female infertility Flashcards
Anovulatory infertility - definition
When the ovaries don’t release an egg and therefore ovulation doesn’t take place
Anovulatory infertility - causes
Physiological: pregnancy, before puberty, menopause
Hypothalamic: anorexia, bulemia
Pituitary
Ovarian: PCOS, premature ovarian failure
Endocrine
Drugs: depo-provera, explanon, OCP
Tubal disease - infective causes
Pelvic inflammatory disease
- STIs
Trans-peritoneal spread
Tubal disease - non infective causes
Endometriosis Surgical sterilisation Fibroids Polyps Congenital
Tubal disease - investigations if there is no known risk factors for tubal pelvic pathology
Hysterosalpingogram
Tubal disease - investigations if there is known previous pelvic pathology
Laparoscopy
Hydrosalpinx - definition
Distally blocked fallopian tube filled with serous or clear fluid
Hydrosalpinx - clinical features
Abdominal or pelvic pain Vaginal discharge Dyspareunia Cervical excitation Menorrhagia Dysmenorrhoea Infertility
Endometriosis - definition
Presence of endometrial glands outside the uterine cavity
Lining of the uterus comes outside of the uterus and is found elsewhere in the pelvis
Endometriosis - clinical features
Pelvic inflammation Dysmenorrhoea Dyspareunia Menorrhagia Painful defecation Chronic pelvic pain Infertility
Endometriosis - pathology
Altered blood and degradation products - give rise to chocolate cysts
Endometriosis - investigations
US - chocolate cysts
MRI scan
Endometriosis - management
GnRH analogue
