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Reproduction SOH > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Endometrium - during the proliferative phase there is increasing levels of oestrogen. What does this result in?

A

Stroma and glands grow

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2
Q

Endometrium - proliferative phase - what is the surface of the endometrium composed of?

A

A single columnar cell layer

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3
Q

Endometrium - proliferative phase - there is presence/absence of endometrial glands?

A

Presence of endometrial glands

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4
Q

Endometrium - proliferative phase - what do the endometrial glands look like?

A

Donut shaped

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5
Q

Endometrium - proliferative phase - there is presence/absence of mitotic figures

A

Presence of mitotic figures

- this indicates oestrogen drive

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6
Q

Endometrium - secretory phase - what do the endometrial glands look like?

A

Glands do NOT look donut shaped anymore, instead they look wiggly as they have been growing for longer

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7
Q

Methods of taking assessing the endometrium?

A

Transvaginal US

Hysteroscopy

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8
Q

Methods of sampling the endometrium for biopsy

A

Endometrial pipette

Dilation and curettage

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9
Q

Simple endometrial hyperplasia affects part/the entire endometrium?

A

The entire endometrium

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10
Q

Simple endometrial hyperplasia - cytology (normal/abnormal)

A

Normal

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11
Q

Complex endometrial hyperplasia affects part/the entire endometrium?

A

Part (focal)

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12
Q

Complex endometrial hyperplasia - cytology (normal/abnormal)

A

Normal

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13
Q

Complex endometrial hyperplasia is a pre-malignant lesion. True or false?

A

False

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14
Q

Complex atypical hyperplasia affects part/the entire endometrium?

A

Part (focal)

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15
Q

Complex atypical hyperplasia - cytology (normal/abnormal)

A

Abnormal

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16
Q

Complex atypical hyperplasia is a pre-malignant lesion. True or false?

A

True

17
Q

Uterine fibroids - definition

A

Leiomyoma (smooth muscle tumour)

18
Q

Uterine fibroids are common - true or false

A

True

19
Q

Uterine fibroids are most common in females over 40. True or false?

A

True

20
Q

Uterine fibroids - clinical features

A 
May be asymptomatic 
Menorrhagia
Pelvic mass 
Pain 
Infertility
21
Q

Uterine fibroids - investigations

A

US

22
Q

Uterine fibroids - US finding

A

Smooth echogenic mass

23
Q

Uterine fibroids - management if asymptomatic

A

Expectant management

24
Q

Uterine fibroids - management if symptomatic

A

Hysterectomy (if family complete)

Myomectomy
Uterine artery ligation

25
Q

Give 3 causes for uterine tube swellings

A

Ectopic pregnancy
Hydrosalpinx
Pyosalpinx

26
Q

Hydrosalpinx - definition

A

Distally blocked fallopian tube

27
Q

Hydrosalpinx - clinical features

A 
Abdominal pain
Vaginal discharge 
Dyspareunia 
Cervical excitation
Menorrhagia
Dysmenorrhoea
Infertility
28
Q

Pyosalpinx - definition

A

Blocked fallopian tubes filled with pus

Sudden onset

29
Q

Normal ectocervix is single/multi layered?

A

Multi layered

30
Q

Normal endocervix is single/multi layered?

A

Single layered

31
Q

Ectocervix is composed of which type of epithelium?

A

Squamous

32
Q

Endocervix is composed of which type of epithelium?

A

Columnar

33
Q

What is the transformation zone

A

The squamo-columnar junction between the ectocervical and endocervical epithelium.

34
Q

The position of the transformation zone is always constant. True or false ?

A

False

- varies during life as physiological response to menarche, pregnancy, menopause

35
Q

What are nabothian follicles?

A

Benign glands

36
Q

Functional ovarian cyst is related to _____

A

Ovulation

37
Q

Ovarian endometriotic cyst - clinical features

A 
Chocolate cyst
severe dysmenorrhoea 
Pre menstrual pain
Dyspareunia 
Subfertility

Reproduction SOH (50 decks)

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