Care of the healthy newborn

Question 1

What is given to all babies in the first few minutes of life?

Answer 1

Vitamin K

Question 2

Why is vitamin K gibe to babies?

Answer 2

To prevent them from developing haemorrhagic disease of the newborn

Question 3

Vitamin K COMPLETELY abolishes the risk of getting hemorrhagic disease of the newborn. True or false?

Answer 3

True

Question 4

How is vitamin K most commonly administered?

Answer 4

IM

Question 5

All babies have their hearing tested. True or false?

Answer 5

True

Question 6

All babies have their hips tested. What is this screening for?

Answer 6

DDH

Question 7

How is hip screening carried out?

Answer 7

Clinical examination (more common) 
US

Question 8

Guthrie card blood spot test - where is the blood collected from?

Answer 8

Heel prick

Question 9

Guthrie card blood spot test - When is this carried out?

Answer 9

On day 5 after birth

Question 10

Guthrie card blood spot test - which 4 conditions are you screening for?

Answer 10

Cystic fibrosis
Congenital hypothyroidism
Haemoglobinopathies
Metabolic disease (e.g. PKU)

Question 11

If the baby’s mother is Hep B +ve, what do you do to the baby?

Answer 11

Give them vaccination asap instead of waiting until the baby is 2 months old.

Question 12

If the baby’s mother is HIV +ve, what do you do to the baby?

Answer 12

Prophylactic antibiotics and anti-viral agents

Question 13

What is the Apgar score?

Answer 13

Measurement of how the baby is responding to perinatal adaptation.

Question 14

Aim for a high/low apgar score?

Answer 14

High apgar score

- score of 8 or above is normal (maximum is 10)

Question 15

What does apgar stand for? (i.e. what are the components)

Answer 15

Appearance (skin colour) 
Pulse (heart rate) 
Grimace (responsiveness) 
Activity (muscle tone) 
Respiration

Question 16

What is a normal newborn resp rate

Answer 16

40-60 /minute

Question 17

What is a normal newborn heart rate

Answer 17

120-140 / minute

Question 18

What is normal newborn O sats

Answer 18

95% and above

Question 19

When is newborn examination carried out?

Answer 19

Within 24 hours of delivery

Question 20

Newborn exam - head

Answer 20

Look for:

• moulding
• caput
• cephalhaematoma
• fontanelles

Question 21

Newborn exam - eyes

Answer 21

Look for

• size
• red reflex (should be present)
• squints
• iris abnormality
• conjunctival haemorrhage

Question 22

If red reflex is absent in newborn, what does this make you think ?

Answer 22

Retinoblastoma or catarats

Question 23

Newborn exam - ears

Answer 23

Look at

• position
• external auditory canal
• any tags

Question 24

Newborn exam - mouth

Answer 24

Look at

• shape
• philtrum
• tongue tie
• palate
• neonatal teeth (remove)
• sucking/rooting reflex

Question 25

Newborn exam - respiratory

Answer 25

``` Chest shape Nasal flaring Grunting Tachypnoea Breath sounds ```

Question 26

Newborn exam - CVS

Answer 26

``` Colour Saturations Heart sounds Heaves/thrills Femoral pulses - always check these in a baby ```

Question 27

Absence of femoral pulse in which condition?

Answer 27

Coarctation of aorta

Question 28

Newborn exam - abdominal

Answer 28

Distension Hernia Umbilicus Ask about passage of meconium

Question 29

Newborn exam - genitourinary

Answer 29

Normal external genitalia Normal passage of urine Undescended testes

Question 30

Newborn exam - musculoskeletal

Answer 30

Movement and posture Limbs and digits Spine Hip examination

Question 31

Newborn exam - neurological

Answer 31

``` Responsiveness Cry Tone - is the baby floppy? Posture Movement ```

Question 32

Newborn exam - primative reflexes

Answer 32

``` Suking and rooting Moro - drop baby ATNR Grasp Stepping ```

Question 33

A strawberry naevus is benign/malignant. It usually disappears but gets bigger before it gets smaller.

Answer 33

Benign

Question 34

What is a mongolian blue spot

Answer 34

Benign birth mark

Question 35

Where on the body is the mongolian blue spot normally found?

Answer 35

Buttocks or lower back area

Question 36

Haemangioma is dangerous. true or false?

Answer 36

True

Question 37

Normal weight of newborn

Answer 37

2.5 -> 4 kg

Question 38

Large for gestational age weight

Answer 38

Over 4kg

Question 39

Small for gestational age weight

Answer 39

Under 2.5kg