Pro D Review

Question 1

Define Physical pain and suffering.

Answer 1

Physical pain explained by neurology; Suffering is the interpretation of physical pain by the individual, extends beyond the physical, is a state of distress.

Question 2

What is an Illness Narrative?

Answer 2

A verbal account of an illness – interpretations of experiences of health problems.

Question 3

What is the difference between Sympathy and Empathy?

Answer 3

• Sympathy: Emotion of care and concern from your own perspective.
• Empathy: Putting yourself in another’s shoes and understanding their feelings.

Question 4

Define Compassion.

Answer 4

A deep caring response to suffering.

Question 5

What is the difference between Medical good and Total good?

Answer 5

• Medical good: Patients’ well-being in terms of health.
• Total good: Overall well-being.

Question 6

Compare Religion and Spirituality.

Answer 6

• Religion: Shared set of beliefs and practices formalized through an institutional structure.
• Spirituality: Finding meaning in life through self-transcendence, may or may not include formal religion.

Question 7

What is Religious Spirituality?

Answer 7

A subset of spirituality guided by institutional religion’s beliefs and practices.

Question 8

Explain Professional Distance and its extremes.

Answer 8

Professional Distance: Not becoming inappropriately involved emotionally or behaviorally with clients.

• Over distancing: Absence of caring;
• Under distancing: Too deeply involved in patient’s problems.

Question 9

What is Compassion fatigue?

Answer 9

The cost of caring for others’ emotional pain, also known as vicarious or secondary trauma.

Question 10

List the 5 Stages of Coping/Grief.

Answer 10

Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance.

Question 11

What is Cultural Competence?

Answer 11

Attitudes, behaviors, and policies enabling care in cross-cultural situations.

Question 12

What are the three stages of developing Cultural Competence?

Answer 12

1. Self-awareness of one’s culture and beliefs.
2. Awareness and willingness to treat others as they wish to be treated.
3. Ability to empathize with and respect different worldviews.

Question 13

Define Stereotypes and Prejudices.

Answer 13

Stereotypes: Generalized beliefs about a group.

Prejudices: Preconceived opinions not based on logic or actual evidence.

Question 14

What is Discrimination?

Answer 14

Acting on prejudice to treat people unfairly based on their group or class.

Question 15

Compare Explicit Bias and Implicit Bias.

Answer 15

Explicit Bias: Aware of prejudices towards certain groups.

Implicit Bias: Attitudes or stereotypes held without conscious knowledge.

Question 16

What is Defensible Documentation?

Answer 16

Terminology indicating skilled intervention: Analyze, assess, direct, educate, etc.

Question 17

What is Unskilled Intervention?

Answer 17

Terminology indicating unskilled intervention: Supervise, monitor, observe, maintain, practice.

Question 18

List the types of Health Insurance.

Answer 18

Private (e.g., Blue Cross), Independent (e.g., Cigna), Government (Medicare, Medicaid).

Question 19

Who qualifies for Medicaid?

Answer 19

Individuals with limited income and resources, and those with disabilities.

Question 20

Who qualifies for Medicare?

Answer 20

People 65 or older, certain people under 65 with disabilities, and people with End-Stage Renal Disease.

Question 21

What are the parts of Medicare?

Answer 21

Part A: Hospital Insurance, Part B: Medical Insurance, Part C: Medicare Advantage, Part D: Prescription Drug Coverage.

Question 22

What is the 8 Minute Rule in Medicare billing?

Answer 22

To bill for each 15-minute time-based code, spend at least 8 minutes of direct face-to-face treatment with the patient for each unit billed.

Question 23

What does the CQ Modifier indicate?

Answer 23

PT services furnished in whole or in part by a PTA (>10% of that day’s treatment).

Question 24

Explain the Occupational Safety and Health Act.

Answer 24

Ensures safe and healthful working conditions by setting and enforcing standards.

Question 25

What is the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard?

Answer 25

Protects workers from exposure to bloodborne pathogens like HIV and Hepatitis B.

Question 26

What is Point of Care Risk Assessment?

Answer 26

Assessing the likelihood of exposing oneself to infectious agents before every patient interaction.

Question 27

What are Standard Precautions?

Answer 27

Basic minimum level of infection control used with all patients at all times.

Question 28

List the 4 Components of Scientific Integrity.

Answer 28

Respect for autonomy, justice, humaneness, honesty.

Question 29

Define Beneficence and Nonmaleficence.

Answer 29

Beneficence: Promote good of others. Nonmaleficence: Do no harm.

Question 30

What is Medical Paternalism?

Answer 30

Failing to recognize a patient’s rights and autonomy in the medical field.

Question 31

What are Conflicts of Interest?

Answer 31

Situations where PT’s interests threaten their role responsibilities.

Question 32

What is the difference between Episodic and Systemic Conflicts of Interest?

Answer 32

Episodic: Arise from voluntary choices. Systemic: Arise from the profession’s structure.

Question 33

What is an Anti-kickback legislation?

Answer 33

Prohibits payment or incentives for patient referrals treated by the government.

Question 34

Define Sexual Harassment.

Answer 34

Any unwanted verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature.

Question 35

What is the difference between Assault and Battery?

Answer 35

Assault: Threat or act creating fear of harm. Battery: Physical act causing harm.

Question 36

What is Whistle-blowing?

Answer 36

Reporting wrongdoings within (internal) or outside (external) the organization.

Question 37

Define Intentional Tort.

Answer 37

Intentional wrong against an individual or property.

Question 38

Compare Slander and Libel.

Answer 38

Slander: Defamatory communication orally. Libel: Defamatory communication in writing or other media.

Question 39

What is the Mission Statement of Physical Therapy?

Answer 39

Transforming society by optimizing movement to improve the human experience.

Question 40

List some Core Values in Physical Therapy.

Answer 40

Accountability, Altruism, Collaboration, Compassion, Duty, Excellence, Inclusion, Integrity, Social Responsibility.

Question 41

What is the APTA Code of Ethics?

Answer 41

Provides a framework for professional conduct in physical therapy.

Question 42

List the 4 Steps of Resolving Ethical Situations.

Answer 42

1. Recognize and Define, 2. Reflect, 3. Decide the ‘right thing to do’, 4. Implement, Evaluate, Reassess.

Question 43

What are Teleological and Deontological Ethics?

Answer 43

Teleological: Focus on consequences of actions. Deontological: Focus on actions themselves.

Question 44

Explain General, Direct, and Direct Personal Supervision in PT.

Answer 44

General: PT not on site but available by telecommunication. Direct: PT present at facility. Direct Personal: PT present and immediately available to supervise tasks.

Question 45

Define Malpractice.

Answer 45

Failure to exercise the skills typically exercised by professionals with similar training.

Question 46

What is the PT Compact?

Answer 46

An agreement offering PT’s an easier path to licensure in multiple states.