Anatomy II Review Flashcards
What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?
Dendrites are the receiving end of a neuron that receives signals from other neurons.
What is the main function of an axon?
Axon transmits electrical impulses away from the neuron’s cell body.
What are the three protective layers surrounding nerve fibers?
Epineurium, Perineurium, and Endoneurium.
What are ascending tracts in white matter responsible for?
Ascending tracts are responsible for sensory pathways.
What are descending tracts in white matter responsible for?
Descending tracts are responsible for motor pathways.
Where are the cell bodies for lower motor neurons located?
In the ventral horn of the spinal cord.
What is the function of the dorsal root in the grey matter?
The dorsal root is responsible for sensory processing.
Where are the cell bodies of the dorsal root located?
In the dorsal root ganglia outside the spinal cord.
In which regions is the lateral horn found?
The lateral horn is found only in the thoracic and lumbar regions.
What is a reflex arc?
A reflex arc bypasses the CNS and directly sends signals from a sensory neuron to a motor neuron.
Why are skeletal motor neuron pathways faster than visceral motor neuron pathways?
Skeletal motor neurons have a one-neuron pathway, while visceral motor neurons have a two-neuron pathway.
What constitutes the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
The brain and spinal cord.
What constitutes the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)?
Cranial and spinal nerves.
What does the somatic nervous system control?
The somatic nervous system controls voluntary skeletal muscles.
Where are the cell bodies of motor neurons in the somatic nervous system located?
In the CNS (brain or ventral cord of the spinal cord).
What does the autonomic nervous system regulate?
It regulates involuntary bodily functions such as heart rate, digestion, and respiratory rate.
What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic and parasympathetic branches.
What is Horner’s syndrome?
Horner’s syndrome is caused by disruption of the sympathetic nerve pathway to the face and eye.
What is Raynaud’s syndrome?
Raynaud’s syndrome involves excessive constriction of small arteries in response to cold.
What does the epimysium cover?
The epimysium covers the whole muscle.
What does the perimysium cover?
The perimysium covers bundles of muscle fibers (fasciculi).
What does the endomysium cover?
The endomysium covers individual muscle fibers.
What initiates the sliding filament theory?
An electrical impulse at the neuromuscular junction.
